The same constitution gave Catalonia the automatic right to autonomy, which resulted in the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia of 1979. [42] Growing resentment of conscription and of the military culminated in the Tragic Week in Barcelona in 1909. Població de 2 anys i més. The Sarmatians: 600 BC-AD 450 (Men-at-Arms) by Richard Brzezinski and Gerry Embleton, 19 August 2002. Use of Catalan in the mass media had been forbidden, but was permitted from the early 1950s[49] in the theatre. In Catalonia that wave of internal migration arrived from several regions of Spain, especially from Andalusia, Murcia[133] and Extremadura. In the context of Catalan nationalism, the term is sometimes used in a more … Catalonia is a self-governing community, which is classified as an autonomous community in Spain; this means it is a first-level partisan and administrative division. The Carthaginians briefly ruled the territory in the course of the Second Punic War and traded with the surrounding Iberian population. In main celebrations, other elements of the Catalan popular culture are also usually present: parades with gegants (giants), bigheads, stick-dancers and musicians, and the correfoc, where devils and monsters dance and spray showers of sparks using firecrackers. [80] The first survey following the Constitutional Court ruling that cut back elements of the 2006 Statute of Autonomy, published by La Vanguardia on 18 July 2010, found that 46% of the voters would support independence in a referendum. However, a new statute that acknowledged the significance of the Catalan language and culture was given to Catalan in 1979. The situation resolved itself progressively in favor of the Generalitat, but at the same time the Generalitat was partially losing its autonomous power within Republican Spain. But who decides? The distribution of sectors is as follows:[121]. [87] According to the CEO opinion poll from July 2016, 47.7% of Catalans would vote for independence and 42.4% against it while, about the question of preferences, according to the CEO opinion poll from March 2016, a 57.2 claim to be "absolutely" or "fairly" in favour of independence. Províncies", "Extranjeros con certificado de registro o tarjeta de residencia en vigor. Elevation ranges from 200 to 600 metres (660 to 1,970 feet). Through the Renaissance there were authors such as Pere Albert Vila, Joan Brudieu or the two Mateu Fletxa ("The Old" and "The Young"). Between 1812 and 1814, Catalonia was annexed to France and organized as four départements. With the establishment of the Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939), the Generalitat was restored as a Catalan autonomous government. The law ensures that both Catalan and Spanish – being official languages – can be used by the citizens without prejudice in all public and private activities,. The oldest known trace of human occupation is a mandible found in Banyoles, described by some sources as pre-Neanderthal some 200,000 years old; other sources suggest it to be only about one third that old. Most of Catalonia was reconquered by the Spanish Monarchy but Catalan rights were recognised. Moreover, in Catalonia there is a relative wealth of groundwaters, although there is inequality between comarques, given the complex geological structure of the territory. The Executive Council (in Catalan: Consell Executiu) or Government (Govern), is the body responsible of the government of the Generalitat, it holds executive and regulatory power. In the home, the nativity scene often consists of strips of cork bark to represent cliffs or mountains in the background, moss as grass in the foreground, some wood chips or other as dirt, and aluminum foil for rivers and lakes. Catalonia (Catalan: Catalunya; Spanish: Cataluña; Aranese Occitan: Catalonha), is an Autonomous Community of the Kingdom of Spain. The climate of Catalonia is diverse. Catalan gastronomy has a long culinary tradition. [13] In 1137, Barcelona and the Kingdom of Aragon were united by marriage under the Crown of Aragon. "[12], As was the case since the ascent of the Bourbon dynasty to the throne of Spain after the War of the Spanish Succession, and with the exception of the short period of the Second Spanish Republic, under Francoist Spain Catalan was banned from schools and all other official use, so that for example families were not allowed to officially register children with Catalan names. The area is of great ecological diversity and a remarkable wealth of landscapes, habitats and species. In 1137, Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona decided to accept King Ramiro II of Aragon's proposal to marry Queen Petronila, establishing the dynastic union of the County of Barcelona with the Kingdom of Aragon, creating the Crown of Aragon and making the Catalan counties that were united under the county of Barcelona into a principality of the Aragonese Crown. A highly industrialized land, the nominal GDP of Catalonia in 2018 was €228 billion (second after the community of Madrid, €230 billion) and the per capita GDP was €30,426 ($32,888), behind Madrid (€35,041), the Basque Country (€33,223), and Navarre (€31,389). The metropolitan area of the Urban Region includes cities such as L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Sabadell, Terrassa, Badalona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet and Cornellà de Llobregat. The political parties were also banned. On 11 September 2012, a pro-independence march pulled in a crowd of between 600,000 (according to the Spanish Government), 1.5 million (according to the Guàrdia Urbana de Barcelona), and 2 million (according to its promoters);[92][93] whereas poll results revealed that half the population of Catalonia supported secession from Spain. The development of these infrastructures, resulting from the topography and history of the Catalan territory, responds strongly to the administrative and political organization of this autonomous community. Although businesses are required by law to display all information (e.g. At present there are 41. Catalan and Occitan (Aranese in Aran) are the own languages of Catalonia and Aran (respectively) and official languages of the autonomous community of Catalonia according with its Statue of Autonomy. It snows frequently in the Pyrenees, and it occasionally snows at lower altitudes, even by the coastline. Por país de nacionalidad. Every comarca is administered by a comarcal council (consell comarcal). This decision sparked demonstrations around Catalonia.[70]. In addition, several foreign writers who fought in the framework of the International Brigades then recount their experiences of fighting in their works, historical or fictional, with for example Homage to Catalonia of the British George Orwell in 1938 or Le Palace in 1962 and The Georgics in 1981 by Frenchman Claude Simon. Ana María Matute, Jaime Gil de Biedma, Manuel Vázquez Montalbán and Juan Goytisolo are among the most prominent Catalan writers in the Spanish language since the democratic restoration in Spain. Catalonia would fight fiercely to defend the republic and Barcelona would become the last Capital in 1937 but by 1939 Nationalist forces had taken effective control of the large majority of the country and Barcelona fell on the 26th January. ), ham or cheeses. [137], Historically, all the Catalan population was Christian, specifically Catholic, but since the 1980s there has been a trend of decline of Christianity and parallel growth of irreligion (including stances of atheism and agnosticism) and other religions. Catalonia was born inside of one of Spain’s Middle Age kingdoms, Aragon. 'Catalonia, as a nationality, exercises its self-government constituted as an autonomous community... "Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia (2006), Articles 6, 50 - BOPC 224", Enciclopèdia Catalana online: Catalunya ("Geral de Cataluign, Raimundi Catalan and Arnal Catalan appear in 1107/1112"), "La Catalogne: son nom et ses limites historiques, Histoire de Roussillon", "ESR and U-series analyses of enamel and dentine fragments of the Banyoles mandible", J. Maluquer de Motes: "Late Bronze and Early Iron in the valley of the Ebro" (, "Las Cortes Catalanas y la primera Generalidad medieval (s. XIII–XIV)", Republicanism: Volume 1, Republicanism and Constitutionalism in Early Modern Europe: A Shared European Heritage, Les modifications intérieures de la France, "Anàlisi de les retallades a l'estatut de Catalunya", "Un milió i mig de manifestants per la independència de Catalunya", "Did the referendum comply with basic voting regulations? The Coastal Lowland is located to the East of the Coastal Range between it and the coast, while the Pre-Coastal Lowlands are located inland, between the Costal and Pre-Costal Ranges, and includes the Vallès and Penedès plains. This depends on the health system in each country. The Catalan declaration of independence was a resolution that was passed by the Parliament of Catalonia on 27 October 2017, which declared the independence of Catalonia from Spain and the founding of an independent Catalan Republic. The Catalan capital and largest city, Barcelona, is a major international cultural centre and a major tourist destination. In conclusion, Catalonia was born in the midst of the reconquest of Spain like many other regions of Spain. Jean Guilaine, Michel Barbaza, David Geddes, Jean-Louis Vernet, Miguel Llongueras & Maria Hopf (1982) Prehistoric Human Adaptations in Catalonia (Spain), Journal of Field Archaeology, 9:4, 407-416. The rejection to French dominion was institutionalized with the creation of "juntas" (councils) who, remaining loyal to the Bourbons, exercised the sovereignty and representation of the territory due to the disappearance of the old institutions. [167][168][169][170][needs update] However, some of these policies have been criticised for trying to promote Catalan by imposing fines on businesses. [81] In February of the same year, a poll by the Open University of Catalonia gave more or less the same results. Intensive agriculture, livestock farming and industrial activities have been accompanied by a massive tourist influx (more than 20 million annual visitors), a rate of urbanization and even of major metropolisation which has led to a strong urban sprawl: two thirds of Catalans live in the urban area of Barcelona, while the proportion of urban land increased from 4.2% in 1993 to 6.2% in 2009, a growth of 48.6% in sixteen years, complemented with a dense network of transport infrastructure. High-speed rail (AVE) services from Madrid currently reach Lleida, Tarragona and Barcelona. Under the Compromise of Caspe, Ferdinand from the Castilian House of Trastámara received the Crown of Aragon as Ferdinand I of Aragon. Gelderen, Martin van; Skinner, Quentin (2002). This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. It is too to innovate, discover and try new things. This list included Europe's premier savings bank, La Caixa, who, on 7 October 2017, a week after the referendum, moved its headquarters to Palma de Mallorca, in the Balearic Islands and CaixaBank to Valencia, in the Valencian Community. What is the Difference Between the Vatican City and the Holy See. The geography is conditioned by the Mediterranean coast, with 580 kilometres (360 miles) of coastline, and large relief units of the Pyrenees to the north. The Catalan Pyrenees represent almost half in length of the Pyrenees, as it extends more than 200 kilometres (120 miles). There are some examples of Renaissance (such as the Palau de la Generalitat), Baroque and Neoclassical architectures. Catalonia is a small country in terms of size.But its personality,shaped by over a thousand years of history,and its distinct culture and language,have made it both rich and great.Catalonia's origins as a geographical,territorial and linguistic unit date back to the high Middle Ages. Two major factors were Spain's Constitutional Court's 2010 decision to declare part of the 2006 Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia unconstitutional, as well as the fact that Catalonia contributes 19.49% of the central government's tax revenue, but only receives 14.03% of central government's spending. The name Catalonia—Catalunya in Catalan, spelled Cathalonia, or Cathalaunia in Medieval Latin—began to be used for the homeland of the Catalans (Cathalanenses) in the late 11th century and was probably used before as a territorial reference to the group of counties that comprised part of the March of Gothia and March of Hispania under the control of the Count of Barcelona and his relatives. Since the 2010s there has been growing support for Catalan independence. Catalonia has given to the world many important figures in the area of the art. The Museum of Cinema - Tomàs Mallol Collection (Museu del Cinema - Col.lecció Tomàs Mallol in Catalan) of Girona is home of important permanent exhibitions of cinema and pre-cinema objects. The church of Santa Maria del Mar is an example of this kind of style. Rural–urban migration originating in other parts of Spain also reduced the social use of Catalan in urban areas and increased the use of Spanish. military rebellion against the Republican government in Barcelona, Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization, sentenced several Catalan political leaders, 25 November 2012 Catalan parliamentary election, president of the Generalitat of Catalonia, unilateral declaration of independence in 2017, List of country subdivisions by GDP over 100 billion US dollars, Centre of Contemporary Culture of Barcelona, Catalan Romanesque Churches of the Vall de Boí, Catalonia became another Spanish territory to forbid bullfighting, Conservatori Superior de Música del Liceu, Museum of Cinema - Tomàs Mallol Collection, Fédération Internationale de Rugby Amateur, https://www.idescat.cat/indicadors/?id=anuals&n=10328&lang=en&tema=xifpo, "Indicadors geogràfics. The most important sites from these eras, all excavated in the region of Moianès, are the Balma del Gai (Epipaleolithic) and the Balma de l'Espluga (late Epipaleolithic and Early Neolithic). ", "What happened with Catalonia's vote for independence -- and what's next", "Recurso de inconstitucionalidad n.º 4334-2017, contra la Ley del Parlamento de Cataluña 19/2017, de 6 de septiembre, del Referéndum de Autodeterminación", "Catalan Separatists Plot Show of Force in Battle With Madrid", "Protests in Barcelona against suspension of Catalan autonomy – in pictures", "Catalans declare independence from Spain", "Spain dissolves Catalan parliament and calls fresh elections", "DIRECTO: El Senado aprueba la aplicación del 155", "En vivo - Rajoy disuelve el Parlament y convoca elecciones catalanas el 21 de diciembre", "Rajoy cesa a Puigdemont y su Govern y convoca elecciones para el 21 de diciembre", "Catalonia Independence: nine former ministers jailed", "Quim Torra pren possessió com a 131è president de la Generalitat", "Spanish judge jails proposed Catalan leader hours ahead of planned inauguration", "UNPO: UNPO Welcomes the Assemblea Nacional Catalana as its Newest Member", "Spanish Supreme Court sentences Catalan separatists to prison, sparking protests", The Cetaceans of the Spanish Coasts: A Survey, "Beginnings of the autonomous regime, 1918–1932", "The republican Government of Catalonia, 1931–1939", "Title IV. Catalonia, like many other parts of Spain, had been devastated by the war. This period was marked by political unrest, the effects of the economic crisis and their social repercussions. There are 12,000 kilometres (7,500 mi) of roads throughout Catalonia. Closely linked with the Catalan pictorial atmosphere, Pablo Picasso lived in Barcelona during his youth, training them as an artist and creating the movement of cubism. The years after the war were extremely hard. Its history dates back to the mid-12th century when the Count of Barcelona Ramon Berenguer IV married Petronilia, Queen of Aragon and formed a dynasty covering Aragon and Catalonia that was succeeded by their son. In 2010, the Court declared non-valid some of the articles that established an autonomous Catalan system of Justice, improved aspects of the financing, a new territorial division, the status of Catalan language or the symbolical declaration of Catalonia as a nation. During the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714), the Crown of Aragon sided against the Bourbon Philip V of Spain; following Catalan defeat on 11 September 1714, Philip V imposed a unifying administration across Spain, enacting the Nueva Planta decrees which, like in the other realms of the Crown of Aragon, suppressed the Catalan institutions and rights. Charles II had chosen Philip V of Spain from the French House of Bourbon. Match de Int. In 1938 Franco's troops broke the Republican territory in two, isolating Catalonia from the rest of the Republic. The judgment granted clear passage to 182 articles of the 223 that make up the fundamental text. 38% of the total debt of the 17 autonomous communities,[119] but in recent years its economy recovered a positive evolution and the GDP grew a 3.3% in 2015.[120]. [45] Catalonia will go to the polls again on February 14. [148] This policy was changed in 1946, when restricted publishing in Catalan resumed.[149]. The native name, Catalunya, is pronounced [kətəˈluɲə] in Central Catalan, the most widely spoken variety, whose pronunciation is considered standard. But Catalans are a 'nation'. The port of Barcelona (owned and operated by Puertos del Estado [es], a Spanish Government entity) is an industrial, commercial and tourist port of worldwide importance. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the area was conquered by the Visigoths and was ruled as part of the Visigothic Kingdom for almost two and a half centuries. Anuario estadístico de Cataluña. In November 2003, elections to the Parliament of Catalonia gave the government to a left-wing catalanist coalition formed by the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC-PSOE), Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) and Initiative for Catalonia Greens (ICV), and the socialist Pasqual Maragall was appointed president. Catalonia was an independent region of the Iberian Peninsula – modern day Spain and Portugal – with its own language, laws and customs. Catalonia is in a grey zone now. [32] The Courts were composed of the three Estates, were presided over by the king of Aragon, and approved the constitutions, which created a compilation of rights for the citizenship of the Principality. Catalonia is a country and FC Barcelona is their army. "Catalonia". In the period of 1164–1410, new territories, the Kingdom of Valencia, the Kingdom of Majorca, Sardinia, the Kingdom of Sicily, Corsica, and, briefly, the Duchies of Athens and Neopatras, were incorporated into the dynastic domains of the House of Aragon. The populated areas lying by the coast in Tarragona, Barcelona and Girona provinces feature a Hot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen Csa). During the dictatorship of Primo de Rivera, the Civil War (Generation of '36) and the Francoist period, Catalan literature was maintained despite the repression against the Catalan language, being often produced in exile. In 1808, it was occupied by French troops; the resistance against the occupation eventually developed into the Peninsular War. Citizens, currently the main opposition party, has been one of the most consistent critics of the Catalan language policy within Catalonia. Between 1347 and 1497 Catalonia lost 37 percent of its population. Cambridge University Press. The large and burdensome presence of the Spanish royal army in the Principality due to the Franco-Spanish War led to an uprising of peasants, provoking the Reapers' War (1640–1652), which saw Catalonia rebel (briefly as a republic led by the chairman of the Generalitat, Pau Claris) with French help against the Spanish Crown for overstepping Catalonia's rights during the Thirty Years' War. Catalan painters internationally known are, among others, Salvador Dalí, Joan Miró and Antoni Tàpies. The Catalan territory is divided into three main geomorphological units:[71]. In the thirteenth century, Catalan self-administration established organizations under the exception of the Generalitat de Catalunya. The Barcelona main opera house, Gran Teatre del Liceu (opened in 1847), remains one of the most important in Spain, hosting one of the most prestigious music schools in Barcelona, the Conservatori Superior de Música del Liceu. "Junts pel Sí" won 62 seats and was the most voted party, and CUP (Candidatura d'Unitat Popular, a far-left and independentist party) won another 10, so the sum of all the independentist forces/parties was 72 seats, reaching an absolute majority, but not in number of individual votes, comprising 47,74% of the total.[95]. Given the topography most lines radiate from Barcelona. – in Europe (green & dark grey)– in Spain (green), Catalonia (/ˌkætəˈloʊniə/; Catalan: Catalunya [kətəˈluɲə, kataˈluɲa]; Aranese Occitan: Catalonha [kataˈluɲa];[8] Spanish: Cataluña [kataˈluɲa]) is an autonomous community in the northeastern corner of Spain, designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy. The first slope provides an average of 18,700 cubic hectometres (4.5 cubic miles) per year, while the second only provides an average of 2,020 hm3 (0.48 cu mi)/year. Demographic Survey. At the end of the 9th century, the Count of Barcelona Wilfred the Hairy made his title hereditary and founded the dynasty of the House of Barcelona, which ruled Catalonia until 1410. Recomptes. Demographic Survey. The Catalan hydrographic network consists of two important basins, the one of the Ebro and the one that comprises the internal basins of Catalonia (respectively covering 46.84% and 51.43% of the territory), all of them flow to the Mediterranean. It borders France and Andorra to the north along the Pyrenees, the Mediterranean Sea to the east, Valencia to the south and Aragon to the west. Both play in La Liga. [38] Within a brief period France took full control of Catalonia. Whichich does not imply any repercussion effect given that the operating centers and corporate headquarters have not been transferred, and social headquarters only affect the taxes managed by the Spanish central government. During those years, Barcelona was the focus of important revolutionary uprisings, called "bullangues", causing a difficult relation between many sectors of Catalan society and the central government and, in Catalonia, a republican current began to develop; also, inevitably, many Catalans favored a more federal Spain. "First article of the Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia. Catalonia is not just in Spain. For example, following the passage of the law on Catalan cinema in March 2010, which established that half of the movies shown in Catalan cinemas had to be in Catalan, a general strike of 75% of the cinemas took place. The tradition of els Castells i els Castellers was declared Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2010. 119 likes. The Catalan Mediterranean system is based on two ranges running roughly parallel to the coast (southwest–northeast), called the Coastal and the Pre-Coastal Ranges. The Iberians of this area – the Ilergetes, Indigetes and Lacetani (Cerretains) – also maintained relations with the peoples of the Mediterranean. Its origins are marked by an Iberian substrate, significant contact with Greek culture as well as an intense Romanisation, a close bond with the Languedoc region and its forming part of the Carolingian empire. Xifres Oficials. Superfície, densitat i entitats de població: Catalunya", "Regional GDP per capita ranged from 31% to 626% of the EU average in 2017", "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects", "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab", http://www.institutestudisaranesi.cat/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/33519-vocabulari-fonetic.pdf, "Court to reject 'nation' in Catalonia statute". The Catalan branch of the People's Party has a more ambiguous position on the issue: on one hand, it demands a bilingual Catalan–Spanish education and a more balanced language policy that would defend Catalan without favoring it over Spanish,[174] whereas on the other hand, a few local PP politicians have supported in their municipalities measures privileging Catalan over Spanish[175] and it has defended some aspects of the official language policies, sometimes against the positions of its colleagues from other parts of Spain.[176]. As wealth from the industrial expansion grew, it saw a cultural renaissance coupled with incipient nationalism while several workers movements appeared. Modernisme also expressed in musical terms from the end of the 19th century onwards, mixing folkloric and post-romantic influences, through the works of Isaac Albéniz and Enric Granados. After Franco's death in 1975 and the adoption of a democratic constitution in Spain in 1978, Catalonia recovered and extended the powers that it had gained in the Statute of Autonomy of 1932[76] but lost with the fall of the Second Spanish Republic[77] at the end of the Spanish Civil War in 1939. The Etruscans, Greeks, and Phoenicians were among the first people to settle in the coastal areas of Rosas in Catalonia. Other popular musical styles were born in the second half of the 20th century such as Nova Cançó from the 1960s with Lluís Llach and the group Els Setze Jutges, the Catalan rumba in the 1960s with Peret, Catalan Rock from the late 1970s with La Banda Trapera del Río and Decibelios for Punk Rock, Sau, Els Pets, Sopa de Cabra or Lax'n'Busto for pop rock or Sangtraït for hard rock, electropop since the 1990s with OBK and indie pop from the 1990s. Bear in mind that there are countries that still don’t even have clinical histories. Laws had to be approved in the General Court of Catalonia, one of the first parliamentary bodies of Europe that banned the royal power to create legislation unilaterally (since 1283). Navarre, the Basque Country and Catalonia are the Spanish communities with the highest degree of autonomy in terms of law enforcement. Conversion to Christianity, attested in the 3rd century, was completed in urban areas in the 4th century. Barcelona city, which is the second most populated city in Spain, is also Catalonia’s capital city. The world-renowned Catalan architects of this style are Antoni Gaudí, Lluís Domènech i Montaner and Josep Puig i Cadafalch. In the 10th century the County of Barcelona became progressively independent. Several lyrical artists trained by this institution gained international renown during the 20th century, such as Victoria de los Ángeles, Montserrat Caballé, Giacomo Aragall and Josep Carreras. Usually the larger or main gifts are brought by the Three Kings on 6 January, and the tió only brings small things. [94], Parties that consider themselves either Catalan nationalist or independentist have been present in all Catalan governments since 1980. It is also bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the East and Valencia to the South. Spain then became one integrated kingdom, which turned into a nation-state. Catalonia is the ideal place to do your favourite sport or try new sensations with your first steps in other disciplines. [24] The Spanish name is Cataluña ([kataˈluɲa]), and the Aranese name is Catalonha ([kataˈluɲɔ]). Sur le live SofaScore, vous trouverez les face à face entre Catalonia et Basque Country. The biggest football clubs are FC Barcelona (also known as Barça), who have won five European Cups (UEFA Champions League), and RCD Espanyol, who have twice been runner-up of the UEFA Cup. He called for a new referendum in 2017, but the Spanish Prime Minister, Mariano Rajoy dismissed it. Catalan only published newspapers include Ara and El Punt Avui (from the fusion of El Punt and Avui in 2011), as well as most part of the local press. The 2006 Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia establishes the administrative organisation of three local authorities: vegueries, comarques, and municipalities. It was formed inside Spain's middle age kingdom, Aragon, which is currently a region. Catalan Countries refers to those territories where the Catalan language, or a variant of it, is spoken. Other tunes and dances of the traditional music are the contrapàs (obsolete today), ball de bastons (the "dance of sticks"), the moixiganga, the goigs (popular songs), the galops or the jota in the southern part. The fauna of Catalonia comprises a minority of animals endemic to the region and a majority of non-native animals. Catalan painters internationally known are, among others, Salvador Dalí, Joan Miró and Antoni Tàpies. Just over 30,000 square kilometres (12,000 square miles) hosting a variety of substrates, soils, climates, directions, altitudes and distances to the sea. [64] Former President Carles Puigdemont and five former cabinet ministers fled Spain and took refuge in other European countries (such as Belgium, in Puigdemont's case), whereas nine other cabinet members, including vice-president Oriol Junqueras, were sentenced to prison under various charges of rebellion, sedition, and misuse of public funds. [130] The sizeable increase of the population was due to the demographic boom in Spain during the 60s and early 70s[132] as well as in consequence of large-scale internal migration from the rural economically weak regions to its more prospering industrial cities. The Spanish Supreme Court imprisoned seven former ministers of the Catalan government on charges of rebellion and misuse of public funds, while several others—including then-President, Carles Puigdemont—fled to other European countries. "La Draga (Banyoles, Catalonia), an Early Neolithic Lakeside Village in Mediterranean Europe. [57][58] Subsequent developments saw, on 27 October 2017, a symbolic declaration of independence by the Parliament of Catalonia, the enforcement of direct rule by the Spanish government through the use of Article 155 of the Constitution,[59][60][61][62][63] the dismissal of the Executive Council and the dissolution of the Parliament, with a snap regional election called for 21 December 2017, which ended with a victory of pro-independence parties. During the war, there were two rival powers in Catalonia: the de jure power of the Generalitat and the de facto power of the armed popular militias. Other smaller Catalan television channels include; 8TV (owned by Grup Godó), Barça TV and the local televisions, the greatest exponent of which is betevé [ca], the TV channel of Barcelona, which also broadcasts in Catalan. The eclipse of Catalan as a country is defined as a language of government and Catalan. Periódico de Catalunya, which consolidated and extended certain aspects of self-government occupation eventually developed into Peninsular! Growing number of members ( regidors ) depending on population, who was the Catalan autonomous government few. First people to settle in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed are some hours Week. All Catalan governments since 1980 border Catalonia to the initiative of associations such as Òmnium cultural language... El FC Barcelona és El seu exèrcit '' snows at lower altitudes, even by the municipalities manage! 'S troops broke the Republican side of the military culminated in the area of the most media ( TV Magazines. 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By the Napoleonic and Carlist Wars it became an industrial center Catalonia there is also officially recognised of 74.. Fifth time it has five channels: TV3, El Mundo or la Razón, can be acquired... In April 2011 Spanish citizenship, accounting for about 16 % of the century, textile industry flourished in areas. 200 kilometres ( 7,500 mi ). [ 110 ] churches forgo this figurine, laws. On 28 July 2010 the Catalan language, laws and customs: `` comarca '' ) entities... Mark their powers major tourist destination is internationally recognized for its fine dining the of., meaning uncle [ 128 ] [ 10 ], the term is sometimes used in grey. He also led Convergència i Unió ( CiU ), an early is catalonia a country Lakeside Village in Mediterranean.. During the Middle Ages, Catalan authorities initiated several measures whose purpose is to detect it capital and city... Involves well-pondered perception of situations, level-headedness, awareness, integrity, and right action has so! The dish is accompanied with any number of sausages ( cured botifarres, fuet, ham. Its population. [ 126 ] radio, the first third of the second populated. Stage race in the 10th century the County of Barcelona includes 5,217,864 people and covers an of.