Miller RR; Minckley LW; Norris SM, 2005. North America: originally restricted to the lower Rio Grande drainage in Texas, USA and south to northeastern Mexico. USA: TFH Publications Inc. Courtenay WR Jr; Deacon JE, 1983. These authors concluded that these behaviours may suggest a mechanism for the continued range expansion of H. cyanoguttatus in Louisiana, USA. Shafland PL; Pestrak JM, 1982. Turner GF, 1994. In Mexico, H. cyanoguttatus has been introduced to the Rio Verde basin (La Media Luna region) (Kullander, 2003). An inventory of fish species within the San Antonio Missions National Historical Park. Cichlidae (Cichlids). http://blog.nola.com/new_orleans/2012/03/fishers_get_chance_to_combat_i.html. It is used by San Antonio River Authority biologists as a biological indicator of unbalanced or stressed ecosystems (Gonzales and Moran, 2005). A Phylogeny and classification of the South American Cichlidae (Teleostei: Perciformes). Mills and Vevers (1989) report a diet of worms, crustaceans, insects and plant matter. Further details may be available for individual references in the Distribution Table Details section which can be selected by going to Generate Report. CABI is a registered EU trademark. Shafland and Pestrak (1982), reported a lower lethal temperature of 5°C under experimental conditions. Journal of Fish Biology, 59(6):1544-1555. Synonymy Conkel D, 1993. In Florida, USA, H. cyanoguttatus has been collected from several locations in Tampa as early as the 1940s (Nico et al., 2015). Rio Grande leopard frogs may breed all year round with warm temperatures and sufficient rainfall. 3. There is a black dot at the base of the caudal fin and one in the center of the body. Lorenz OT; Schofield PJ; O'Connell MT, 2011. H. cyanoguttatus is a moderately large cichlid that grows to a maximum size of approximately 30 cm total length (TL) (Page and Burr, 1991), though is commonly much smaller, approximately 11 cm TL, in natural populations (Froese and Pauly, 2015). Buchanan (1971) suggested the competitive interactions between H. cyanoguttatus and a diverse assemblage on centrarchids resulted in a more diverse diet in native populations. The Aquarium, 7(8):128-130. (Un nouveau cichlide du systeme du Rio Balsas, Mexique (Pisces, Teleostei). Although breeding pairs will attack most other fishes in the vicinity of the nest, attacks are more pronounced against conspecifics. (2004) listed H. cyanoguttatus as host to the following parasites: Crassicutis cichlasomae, Centrocestus formosanus, Clinostomum complanatum, Diplostomum sp., Posthodiplostomum minimum, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi, Neoechinorhynchus golvani, Rhabdochona kidderi and Contracaecum sp. Fishers get chance to combat invasive species at New Orleans City Park fishing rodeo Saturday. New Jersey, USA: Tetra Press, 208 pp. The fry will become free swimming in 4-5 days. Pesticides should always be used in a lawful manner, consistent with the product's label. Serum samples were obtained by the method of Koehn (1969). The Rio Grande Cichlid, sometimes called the Texas Cichlid, is the only member of the Cichlid family native to Texas, and the United States. Biological Conservation, 6:292-302. The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. Hubbs C, 1951. Hubbs C; Edwards RJ; Garrett GP, 1991. Lee et al. Froese R, Pauly D, 2015. A revision of the fishes of the American cichlid genus Cichlosoma and of the allied genera, 7. Report Submitted to National Fishery Research Laboratory, U.S. Mexico: Instituto Politecnico Nacional, 06040. Baird SF; Girard CF, 1854. Hubbs C, Lucier T, Garrett GP, Edwards RJ, Dean SM, Marsh E, Belk D, 1978. H. cyanoguttatus is similar to the convict cichlid (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) though the latter species is much smaller (maximum size 12 cm), has 9-11 anal spines and 7 intense black bars alongside (Page and Burr, 1991). Martinez VMV; Macedo MLA; Scholz T; Solis DG; Franco EFM, 2002. Within the ornamental fish industry, strains of H. cyanoguttatus are available that include the blue Texas cichlid, green Texas cichlid and red Texas cichlid (Berg, 2010). H. cyanoguttatus is diurnal and non-migratory (Froese and Pauly, 2015). San Antonio River Authority, 68 pp. Seriously Fish. The diploid/haploid chromosome numbers of H. cyanoguttatus are 48-48/24 (Froese and Pauly, 2015). In contrast to Pterophyllum, however, extended finnage is absent giving Symphysodon a more rounded shape. The name 'red Texas cichlid' is chiefly used to describe a hybrid between H. cyanoguttatus and another cichlid species (Berg, 2010). Finally, compared to the closely related monogamous Rio Grande cichlid, H. cyanoguttatus, males of H. minckleyi were present at their nests less often and performed lower rates of aggressive offspring defense, and females compensated for the absence of their mates by performing higher levels of offspring defense. Hendrickson DA; Cohen AE, 2012. Southwestern Naturalist. Lower lethal temperatures for 14 non-native fishes in Florida. Regan CT, 1905. Illinois, USA: The University of Chicago Press. The name 'green Texas cichlid' often refers to H. carpintis; a species that is native to Mexico (Berg, 2010). Herichthys cyanoguttatus (Rio Grande cichlid); adult. It is a Rio Grande Cichlid or Texas Cichlid. by Lee DS]. Only males are considered in all following analyses. Martinez et al. Darnell RM, 1962. Survival and abundance of introduced fishes near San Antonio, Texas. Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the Neotropical Region. Mire J, 2001. The liver and a small piece of ventral skeletal muscle Brown WH, 1953. These little monsters are harmless, but you will freak out over them. Similarly, Lorenz (2008) cited anecdotal evidence of the decline of Gambusia affinis, Poecilia latipinna and Heterandria formosa in areas of Louisiana where H. cyanoguttatus has become well established. It has been reported as established in the Rio Frio, Colorado, San Antonio, San Marcos, Guadalupe and Comal rivers in the Edwards Plateau region (Brown 1953; Hubbs et al., 1978; Nico et al., 2015). The euryhalinity of H. cyanoguttatus would greatly aid the species to disperse naturally. This author suggested the species is capable of expanding naturally via estuarine corridors. Cichlids of North and Central America. Both Courtenay et al. Fish and Wildlife Service, Gainesville, FL. It can grow over 33 centimeters in length, and males can develop a protrusion known as a nuchal hump on their head. Rio Grande, Brownsville, Texas. Lorenz (2008) confirmed that H. cyanoguttatus will occur in elevated salinities in estuarine conditions in Lake Pontchartrain in New Orleans. Fly fishing for Rio Grande Cichlids AKA Texas Cichlids on the Gila River in Phoenix, Arizona. Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the Neotropical Region, 464 pp. Texas Parks and Wildlife state government departmental website. by Reis RE, Kullander SO, Ferraris Jr CJ]. Herichthys cyanoguttatus Baird & Girard, 1854. In: Texas Journal of Science, 30 (4) 369-376. H. cyanoguttatus may predate on aquatic invertebrate communities (Lorenz et al., in review). Despite being known for its violent temper it attracts a lot of admirers, mainly because of its bright colors. Wallingford, UK: CABI. Identification: . Environmetal Biology of Fishes, 7:149-156. Lorenz OT, 2008. Stockholm, Sweden: Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet. (1974) and the personal observations of Lorenz (2008) support the proposition that H. cyanoguttatus competes with L. macrochirus for breeding sites in Florida and Louisiana, respectively. It has also been introduced into the Concho, Nueces, lower Brazos, San Marcos Rivers, Town Lake Reservoir (in southeast Austin), Lake Houston, West Matagorda Bay, Simms Bayou and Cibolo drainages (Hubbs et al., 1991; Nico et al., 2015). compared to the closely related monogamous Rio Grande cichlid, H. cyanoguttatus, males of H. minck-leyi were present at their nests less often and performed lower rates of aggressive offspring defense, and females compensated for the absence of their mates by performing higher levels of offspring defense. The current status of these populations is unknown. Texas Cichlid (Herichthys Cyanoguttatus) also known as the Rio Grande Cichlid is an aggressive freshwater fish native to the USA found mostly in the rivers of Texas (commonly in the Rio Grande) and northern Mexico. Descriptions of new species of fishes collected in Texas, New Mexico and Sonora, by Mr John H Clark, on the US and Mexican Boundary Survey, and in Texas by Capt Stewart Van Vliet, USA. Page L M, Burr B M, 1991. Journal of Ethology, 29(1):39-46. and black basses (Micropterus spp.) Buchanan (1971) reported that fish from indigenous populations in the Rio Grande valley (south Texas) were omnivorous, whereas introduced populations from the San Marcos River (Edwards Plateau, central Texas) were almost exclusively herbivorous. 36377). Kullander SO, 1983. The temperature tolerance of H. cyanoguttatus goes below 7°C in outdoor artificial ponds and it can be active at 10°C (Lorenz, unpublished data). Tomelleri and Eberle (1990) report that the species can only survive cool winters in the ‘cooling lakes’ of power plants or in rivers near the outlets of warm springs at the northern limit of its distribution in the Edwards Plateau, Texas, USA. In Louisiana, USA, they are often eaten and are popular with fly fishermen (OT Lorenz, Georgia Southwestern State University, USA, personal communication, 2015). Its main body color can be pale light brown to dark blue or almost purple and changes with its mood or during mating season. San Antonio River Authority biologists in Texas have observed that H. cyanoguttatus will displace native Centrarchidae in stressed habitats and dominate the ecosystem (Gonzales and Moran, 2005). Gonzales M; Moran E, 2005. The species was reportedly first introduced into Florida from Texas stocks around 1941 by a private individual from Mulberry, Polk County (Courtenay and Hensley, 1979). Boston, USA: Houghton Mifflin Company. Berg W, 2010. Hubbs C; Lucier T; Garrett GP; Edwards RJ; Dean SM; Marsh E; Belk D, 1978. Its morphology and colour pattern vary greatly across its natural and introduced range (Miller et al., 2005). There are iridescent blue-green spots or wavy lines on head, body and fins. Survey of introduced non-native fishes. Taxonomic Troubles: A "Chiclasoma" orphan, but valid now as Herichthys, for which it is the type species. The San Gabriel River, in the Brazos River system, contains the state's northernmost established population (Hubbs et al., 1991). Freshwater fishes of Mexico. Introduced fish species in the Guadalupe River Basin. Lorenz OT; O'Connell MT, 2011. Tomelleri and Eberle (1990) report that the species can only survive cool winters in the ‘cooling lakes’ of power plants or in rivers near the outlets of warm springs at the northern limit of its distribution in the Edwards Plateau (Texas). I think they're the only cichlids from the Americas, or North America at least. 432 pp. Hulsey CD; Garcia Leon FJde; Johnson YS; Hendrickson DA; Near TJ, 2004. Unpublished abstract: Direct effects of a nonindigenous cichlid (Cichlasoma cyanoguttatum) on reproductive success of native Cyprinodon, Session three. Animal Behaviour, 47:655-662. Rio Grande cichlids are an invasive species that has spread throughout the metropolitan New Orleans area. Breeding males have a prominent nuchal hump (Page and Burr, 1991), and males are typically larger than females (Itzkowitz and Nyby, 1982). The genus Herichthys has undergone considerable taxonomic revision. Temporal diversification of Mesoamerican cichlid fishes across a major biogeographic boundary. Kansas, USA: University Press of Kansas, 226 pp. Brown JA; Moore WM; Quabius ES, 2001. No longer present, Single specimen was found in a pool on the Olentangy River. dense small blue spots: head, body & fins, Soft bottom (mud/sand/gravel/beach/estuary/mangrove/seagrass), Subtropical (23-35N, Florida / Carolinas / Bermuda), Note: range polygons may be inaccurate for species known only from a few, widely scattered sites. Both parents are active in guarding the eggs and fry though the male and female alternate in the performance of parental responsibilities. The Texas Cichlid also called the Rio Grande Perch and the Rio Grande Cichlid is an iridescent golden coloration with pearl highlights and white dots on its body and fins. Physiological effects of saline waters on zander. Kullander (1998) further restricted Herichthys to only cichlids occurring in northeastern Mexico. It was found that H. cyanoguttatus was highly aggressive both as a territory holder and also entering the territory of L. macrochirus indicating potential competition for space with native centrarchids. A large number are also established in an isolated population in Port Sulphur, Plaquemines Parish, 50 miles southeast of New Orleans (OT Lorenz, Georgia Southwestern State University, USA, personal communication, 2015). Images of H. cyanoguttatus may be viewed at Hendrickson and Cohen (2012), Froese and Pauly (2015). Breeding adults have a white head and front half of the body, and the rear half of the body, particularly the ventral surface, is black (Page and Burr, 1991; Berg, 2010). Kullander SO, 2003. Body oval, moderately compressed; large fish with a bulbous hump over the eyes; 1 pair of nostrils; mouth short, oblique, horizontal or slightly down pointing; jaws about equal or upper projecting; top jaw highly protrusible; jaw teeth mostly conical, but central teeth of outer series compressed and spatula-like in adult, closely packed and pointed in young; gill rakers 7-15; dorsal fin XV-XVIII, 10-14, without a notch between spines and rays; anal fin V-VI, 7-11; pectoral fin reaching to above anus; length of tail base < its depth at its mid-point; bases of soft dorsal and anal fins scaled; lateral line in 2 straight overlapping sections; scales large, 18+8 on lateral line. H. cyanoguttatus is native to the Atlantic Coast of Texas, USA (lower Rio Grande and Nueces drainages) and south to northeastern Mexico (Hubbs et al., 1978; Page and Burr, 1991; Froese and Pauly, 2015). The juveniles have an iridescent pearl-gray body with white dots on the body and fins. Survival and abundance of introduced fishes near San Antonio, Texas. Herichthys cyanoguttatus Texas Cichlid. The reproductive ecology of the Rio Grande cichlid Cichlasoma cyanoguttatum (Baird and Girard), DPhil Thesis, USA: University of Texas, 226. Fish introductions in the American southwest: a case history of Roger Spring, Nevada. In: Checklist of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America, [ed. The Tetra encyclopedia of freshwater tropical aquarium fishes. H. cyanoguttatus is known as a pollution-tolerant species that has been observed to dominate in degraded habitats. Introduced on Edwards Plateau of central Texas and central peninsular Florida, USA, and Verde River basin (La Media Luna region), Mexico (Ref. One or more of the features that are needed to show you the maps functionality are not available in the web browser that you are using. Males appear to spend more time patrolling the pair's territory, whereas females spend more time in close proximity to and attending the eggs/fry. (Baird and Girard 1854). it is a human commensal), Highly likely to be transported internationally deliberately, Sport (hunting, shooting, fishing, racing), Meat/fat/offal/blood/bone (whole, cut, fresh, frozen, canned, cured, processed or smoked). There are reports that H. cyanoguttatus may have been accidentally introduced from resident ornamental fish farms in Hillsborough County, Florida, USA, in the 1940s and 1950s due to flooding (Courtenay and Hensley, 1979; Conkel, 1993). Their native range includes most of the Rio Grande drainage and south into northeastern Mexico, but they have been introduced throughout Texas, where they are well-established in the Edwards Plateau and coastal drainages eastward to Houston. The most common form is ovate and somewhat laterally compressed, but some species are strongly compressed or cylindrical and elongated. The Rio Grande Cichlid (Cichlasoma cyanoguttatum) is a moderately sized species of freshwater fish that occurs in the Rio Grande and Pecos River basins of west central Texas. Itzkowitz and Nyby (1982) reports that established pairs will travel up to 3 m to harass newly formed pairs/conspecifics. Buchanan TM, 1971. (USGS nonindigenous aquatic species database)., Florida, USA: US Geological Survey. The Rio Grande or Texas cichlid Herichthys cyanoguttatus is a popular ornamental freshwater fish that has been introduced to a number of US states. ©Clinton & Charles Robertson-2005/via wikipedia - CC BY-SA 2.0, Native to northeastern Mexico; introduced to the Rio Verde basin, Recorded from the Loíza Reservoir; First reported: 2006-2007, Two individuals collected from a canal in Tempe, Maricopa County; First reported: pre 1973, Introduced to Tampa, and locations in Polk, Hillsborough, Pinellas, Brevard and Indian River counties. Courtenay WR Jr; Sahlman HF; Miley WM, 1974. Of particular note is the aggressive behaviour of the species as territories are established on the substrate and defended against all intruders. There are several black spots at the base of the caudal fin and along the middle, rear half of the body. Porto Alegre, Brasil: EDIPUCRS. H. cyanoguttatus is one of the most cold-tolerant cichlids. Herichthys cyanoguttatus Baird & Girard, 1854. Courtenay WR Jr; Hensley DA, 1979. H. cyanoguttatus has been reported from locations in Mulberry (Polk County), Lake Seminole (Pinellas County), canals near fish hatcheries in Brevard and Indian River counties, Monroe County and the Alafia River in Tampa (Courtenay and Hensley, 1979; Conkel, 1993; Nico et al., 2015). Effects of interspecific competition, salinity, and hurricanes on the success of an invasive fish, the Rio Grande cichlid (Herichthys cyanoguttatus), DPhil Thesis. Comment by 10.5" RES Sharon on January 22, 2011 at 9:05am Field observations of parental behavior of the Texas cichlid Cichlasoma cyanoguttatum. Cichlasoma cyanoguttatum (Baird and Girard) Rio Grand Perch. Journal of Freshwater Ecology, 18(1):115-127. The Southwestern Naturalist, 28(2):221-224. http://www.seriouslyfish.com/species/herichthys-cyanoguttatus/. © Copyright 2021 CAB International. 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