Between 1967 and 1991, 12 Latin American countries underwent at least one military coup, with Haiti and Honduras experiencing three and Bolivia experiencing eight. Dictators typically retain their power by silencing any opposition to their rulings and guidelines. Factions or divisions among the elites will mitigate their ability to bargain with the dictator, resulting in the dictator having more unrestrained power. " This violence is frequently exercised through institutions such as military or police forces. [23] Military coups do not necessarily result in military dictatorships, as power may then be passed to an individual or the military may allow democratic elections to take place. [31], Personalist dictatorships are regimes in which all power lies in the hands of a single individual. A dictatorship is a type of government in which a single personthe dictatoror party has absolute power. In the 19th century, settlers slowly and hesitantly began to establish themselves in. Laos (since 1975) (2010), Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland developed a six-fold regime classification scheme, resulting what the authors called as the DD datasets. [4] A unified inner circle has the capacity to overthrow a dictator, and the dictator must make greater concessions to the inner circle to stay in power. Adolf Hitler known for his Nazi party and the barbarities and fierceness during his autocracy rule. Types. A totalitarian government has "total control of mass communications and social and economic organizations". The first distinction made is whether a country has a government has legislative responsibility, i.e. The communist and fascist dictatorships that arose in various technologically advanced countries in the first half of the 20th century were distinctively different from the authoritarian regimes of Latin America or the postcolonial dictatorships of Africa and Asia. In addition to executive authority, Putin also holds judicial and legislative power, which enables him to change the law to fit his agenda. As the dictatorship becomes more established, it moves away from violence by resorting to the use of other coercive measures, such as restricting people's access to information and tracking the political opposition. Donal Blaine Aidan Cinhil Haldane, 24th king of Gwynedd, reigned 1074 to 1095. While Latin America, Asia, and Africa were already dictatorship countries, they differed from the dictatorships formed in what became known as the Eastern Bloc. The Soviet economy became unsustainable, and communist governments lost the support of intellectuals. 1 Norway 2 Iceland 3 Sweden 4 New Zealand 5 Denmark =6 Canada =6 Ireland 8 Australia =9 Switzerland =9 Finland Over the course of almost 20 years, he ruled Chile with an iron fist, ordering the deaths of thousands of suspected . Also called a dominant party dictatorship or one-party state. Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", "Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", Divergent Incentives for Dictators: Domestic Institutions and (International Promises Not to) Torture, "Cooperation, Cooptation, and Rebellion Under Dictatorships", "How Foreign Aid Can Foster Democratization in Authoritarian Regimes", "Tyrants and Terrorism: Why Some Autocrats are Terrorized While Others are Not", "Dictatorship: Modern Tyranny Between Leviathan and Behemoth (Version 2.0) (english version)", 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716204.001.0001, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dictatorship&oldid=1142733963, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using sidebar with the child parameter, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. scholarly analysis of Mussolini, Hitler, Stalin and Mao, as well as Kim Il-sung of North Korea; Franois Duvalier, or Papa Doc, of Haiti; Nicolae Ceauescu of Romania; and Mengistu Haile Mariam of Ethiopia. Adolf Hitler - 1889-1945. The first distinction made is whether a democracy's government is responsible to the legislature. Since the Korean War, North Korea has been ruled by a series of autocratic leaders. Those against dictatorship say personal rights are severely restricted, the system is generally based on force and violence, and it demands complete obedience. [126] In particular, censorship by dictatorships helps solidify claims of legitimacy and marginalize the voices of opposition critics. Marxist one-party states are sometimes distinguished from other one-party states, but they function similarly. [7] The opposition can be an external group, or it can also include current and former members of the dictator's inner circle. Coercive distribution comprises of distributing welfare and state resources to control citizens and elites. These countries maintain parliaments and human rights organizations, but these remain under the control of the countries' respective dictators. When the war ended, these countries were incorporated into the Soviet sphere of influence, and the Soviet Union exercised control over their governments. [142] Dictatorships may influence the results of an election through electoral fraud, intimidation or bribing of candidates and voters, use of state resources such as media control, manipulation of electoral laws, restricting who may run as a candidate, or disenfranchising demographics that may oppose the dictatorship. The list of Dictatorship countries in Africa includes Nigeria and Zaire. Through the ages, Algeria, officially People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast. The table below offers a full list of which countries are what type of democracy. Economies based on natural resources allow dictators more power, as they can easily extract rents without strengthening or cooperating with other institutions. 8. His wealth is estimated to be approximately $600 million. [149] Military and one-party dictatorships are more likely to experience terrorism than personalist dictatorships, as these regimes are under more pressure to undergo institutional change in response to terrorism.[150]. [104] A one-party communist dictatorship was formed in Cuba when a US-backed dictatorship was overthrown in the Cuban Revolution, creating the only Soviet-backed dictatorship in the western hemisphere. Semi-competitive elections also have the effect of incentivizing members of the ruling party to provide better treatment of citizens so they will be chosen as party nominees due to their popularity. Many personalist regimes will install open ballots to protect their regimes and implement heavy security measures and censorship for those whose personal preferences do not align with the values of the leader. [118] Generally, two research approaches exist: the minimalist approach, which focuses on whether a country has continued elections that are competitive, and the substantive approach, which expands the concept of democracy to include human rights, freedom of the press, and the rule of law. Single-party dictatorships were most common during the Cold War, with dominant-party dictatorships becoming more common after the fall of the Soviet Union. Giving ultimate power and control to just one person is not ideal, as it can lead to future unrest and problems. Many others developed following a period of warlordism. [61] In Europe, the Commonwealth of England under Oliver Cromwell, formed in 1649 after the Second English Civil War, has been described as a military dictatorship by its contemporary opponents and by some modern academics. But for today, these are the world's dictatorships. Mao established the People's Republic of China as a one-party communist state under his governing ideology of Maoism. A dictator may address the opposition by repressing it through force, modifying laws to restrict its power, or appeasing it with limited benefits. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator. Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia. Various forms of dictatorship have been a context in which social and behavioral sciences (SBS) have been developing through most of the twentieth century. [1]:70. [1]:68 The figures at the left show the results in 1988 and 2008. [114] The countries of Central Asia did not liberalize after the fall of the Soviet Union, instead forming as dictatorships led by former elites of the Communist Party and then later by successive dictators. Interestingly, most modern dictatorships do not use the term "dictator" to. The terms "autocrat" and "autocracy" are often used interchangeably with "dictator" and "dictatorship". These dictators may view themselves as impartial in their oversight of a country due to their nonpartisan status, and they may view themselves as "guardians of the state". Some of the multi-party states with governing communist parties include Brazil, Nepal, India, and Russia. There are many countries that can be considered dictatorships, including North Korea, Cuba, and Venezuela. Uganda - 1971 to 1979 - Idi Amin Dada. Terrible things have been done in the name of socialism and here are some of the most rigorous dictators. They are ruled by one-party or military dictatorships, religious hierarchies, or autocrats. There's no room for opposition or . This is often done via questionable means, including intimidation, imprisonment (lawful or not), physical violence, or even assassination. [27] One-party rule also developed in several countries in Africa during decolonization in the 1960s and 1970s, some of which produced authoritarian regimes. The People's Republic of China is currently ruled by President Xi Jinping, who also serves as the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, Chairman of the Central Military Commission, the country's Vice President, the President of the Central Party School, and the 1st ranked member of the CPC Politburo Standing Committee. Members of the group will typically make up the elites in a dictator's inner circle at the beginning of a new dictatorship, though the dictator may remove them as a means to gain additional power. Some of the most famous dictators in history include Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, and Saddam Hussein. #SOSCuba. [1]:70. In the last six years alone, at least 26 African countries have experienced transfers of power. 2. [1][8]:454 It is important to note that these names do not have to correspond to the official or colloquial titles of any of the countries offices. [135] Negotiated removals are more likely to end in democracy, while removals by force are more likely to result in a new dictatorial regime. Rodrigo Duterte (Philippines) Rodrigo Roa Duterte is the legally, directly-elected President of the Philippines and leading member of the PDP-Laban party. the dictatorship of the proletariat had to be preserved in the socialist countries to assure that the reeducated minds of the workers already lucky enough to live under socialism were not re-infected by capitalist ideas coming in from outside the people's collectivist . [54], Asia saw several military dictatorships during the post-classical era. [98], During World War II, many countries of Central and Eastern Europe had been occupied by the Soviet Union. At the onset of the so-called "third wave" of democracy in 1978, the only democratic regimes were Costa Rica, Colombia and Venezuela. Its goal is to force compliance by demobilizing or annihilating actors of opposition. There are currently 22 dictators in Africa, some worse than others. Fidel Castro was one of the most iconic latin american dictators, who lived in the 20th century. [51] In the modern era, absolute monarchies are most common in the Middle East. This is understandable, as the terms are very similar. A Roman dictator was a special magistrate that was temporarily appointed by the consul during times of crisis and granted total executive authority. [8]:455 Sometimes sitting governments will attach a vote of no confidence clause to a piece of legislation they want passed, effectively tying the survival of the government on the piece of legislation. The leader may be supported by a party or military, but still retains the overwhelming majority of power, especially regarding whom to place in which governmental roles, and relies heavily upon their own charisma to maintain control. After the recent death of Idriss Deby in April 2021, his son Mahamat Deby took over. Parties formed after the seizure of power often have little influence and only exist to serve the dictator. [75] Lenin was followed by Joseph Stalin in 1924, who consolidated total power and implemented totalitarian rule by 1929. If it is not responsible, it is a presidential democracy. [86] After a brief period of democratization, Latin America underwent a rapid transition toward dictatorship in the 1930s. Based on a "minimalist" theory of democracy, the index relies on rules regarding the existence of competitive elections. North Korea is one of the clearest examples of a totalitarian government. The dictatorship was revived 120 years later by Sulla after his crushing of a populist movement, and 33 years after that by Julius Caesar. With a total area of 2,381,741 square kilometres, 90% of which is desert, Algeria is the tenth-largest country in the world, and the largest in Arab world and Africa and on the Mediterranean. (2010), and further developed and maintained by Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland (2009). Hybrid dictatorships blend elements of the other four types. [2] The inner circle's support is necessary for a dictator's orders to be carried out, causing elites to serve as a check on the dictator's power. [89] Military coups were also a common occurrence after decolonisation, with 14 African countries experiencing at least three successful military coups between 1959 and 2001. 10. The 20th century saw the rise of fascist and communist dictatorships in Europe; fascism was eradicated in the aftermath of World War II in 1945, while communism spread to other continents, maintaining prominence until the end of the Cold War in 1991. In some circumstances, monarchies are also considered dictatorships if the monarchs hold a significant amount of political power. Military dictatorship: 2. The totalitarian dictatorship of Adolf Hitler in Germany , from 1933 to 1945. During his reign of terror, about 30,000 Haitians are estimated to have been assassinated, while thousands - mostly intelligence fled the country. An alternation in power under electoral rules identical to the ones that brought the incumbent to office must have taken place. While autocratic countries are not always malevolent, they often still encounter resistance from citizens who would prefer to have a greater say in the government's policy-making process. As the Cold War went on, the Soviet Union increased its influence in Africa, and MarxistLeninist dictatorships developed in several African countries. Syria - Well, it depends. Cinhil Aymeric Nygel Haldane, 22nd king of Gwynedd who shortly reigned in 1025. [citation needed]The typical military dictatorship in Latin America was ruled by a junta (derived from a Spanish word . Those who believe that he is a dictator argue that he imprisons his opponents, removed freedom of speechthe press can only publish what he allows them toand has restructured the government to give himself more and longer-lasting power. [64][65][66], Dictatorship developed as a major form of government in the 19th century, though the concept was not universally seen pejoratively at the time, with both a tyrannical concept and a quasi-constitutional concept of dictatorship understood to exist. Stability in a dictatorship is maintained through coercion and political repression, which involves the restriction of access to information, the tracking of the political opposition, and acts of violence. The leaders of dictatorships are not outwardly identified as dictators when other people are addressing them. Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi C Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Costa Rica Cte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus [107] The development of the internet and digital communication in the 21st century have prompted dictatorships to shift from traditional means of control to digital ones, including the use of artificial intelligence to analyze mass communications, internet censorship to restrict the flow of information, and troll farms to manipulate public opinion. Hybrid dictatorships are regimes that have a combination of these classifications. This world dictators list has everyone from Adolf Hitler to Kim Jong Un to many lesser-known rulers. [98], One of the tasks in political science is to measure and classify regimes as either democracies or dictatorship (authoritarian) countries. [14], Unless they have undertaken a self-coup, those seizing power typically have little governmental experience and do not have a detailed policy plan in advance. Its capital and most populous city is Algiers. [26] Ruling parties in one-party dictatorships are distinct from political parties that were created to serve a dictator in that the ruling party in a one-party dictatorship permeates every level of society. Its territory covers 652,000 km, making it the 41st largest country in the world. But by 1995, all the countries in the region, with the notable . Under this system, there are three types of dictatorships. But to understand the dictatorship in Cuba . In the United Kingdom, for example, the chief executive is the prime minister, and the ministers are the heads of the executive departments, which together compose the government. [18], A classification of dictatorships, which began with political scientist Barbara Geddes in 1999, focuses on where power lies. The totalitarian dictatorship in the People's Republic of China , from 1949 to the present. Indeed, the 20th century, which witnessed the careers of Atatrk, Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Francisco Franco, Mao Tse-tung, Juan Pern, Tito, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Sukarno, Kwame Nkrumah, and Charles de Gaulle, could appear in history as the age of plebiscitary dictatorship. In military dictatorships, it is the military that exerts complete or substantial control over the government rather than a political clique. * Venezuela - Nicolas Maduro * Mauritania - Mohamed Ould Abdulaziz * Algeria - Abdelaziz Bouteflika * Tunisia - Beji Caid Essebesi * Chad - Idriss Deby * Sudan - Omar al-Bashir * Cameroon - Paul Biy. Examples of Fascism. - Quora Answer (1 of 66): I will give the country names as well as who the dictator is. Nigeria - 1966 to 1975 - Yakubu Gowon. This was replaced by a trend of developing a positive public image to maintain support among the populace and moderating rhetoric to integrate with the global community. In fact, most dictators adopt common appellations such as "President" or "Prime Minister", so they must be identified via their actions and policies rather than their title. Here are fifteen of the worst dictators from the 20 th century and what makes them stand out for censure. [52], Dictatorship is historically associated with the Ancient Greek concept of tyranny, and several ancient Greek rulers have been described as "tyrants" that are comparable to modern dictators. The government was described as a dictatorship of the proletariat in which power was exercised by soviets.
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