Inflorescence : Large, lateral arising from the axils of leaves, compound spadix, enclosed by large woody bract called spathe. He also notes that several of the nuts began to germinate by the time they had been ten weeks at sea, precluding an unassisted journey of 100 days or more.[57]. [101][102], Traditional areas of coconut cultivation in India are the states of Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Puducherry, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Maharashtra, Odisha, West Bengal and, Gujarat and the islands of Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar. [13] It is consumed throughout the humid tropics, and has been introduced into the retail market as a processed sports drink. In Belize, coconuts are grown countrywide. Cocos-like fossils of fruits include "Cocos" intertrappeansis, "Cocos" pantii, and "Cocos" sahnii. They usually remain genetically isolated when introduced to new regions, making it possible to trace their origins. [37][38] In the West it was originally called nux indica, a name used by Marco Polo in 1280 while in Sumatra. Decayed roots are replaced regularly as the tree grows new ones. What are the benefits of drinking coconut water? As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. The coconut was a critical food item for the people of Polynesia, and the Polynesians brought it with them as they spread to new islands.[170]. Its development would . Economics of Coconut Oil; Just Change Trust; 2006; Bangalore, India. [111], Coconut oil is increasingly used in the food industry. Linguistic, archaeological, and genetic evidence all point to the early domestication of Pacific coconuts by the Austronesian peoples in maritime Southeast Asia during the Austronesian expansion (c.3000 to 1500BCE). The aim is to knock a coconut off the stand and win it. [109] The production of coconuts is the main source of Sri Lanka economy, with 12% of cultivated land and 409,244 hectares used for coconut growing (2017). In foods, coconut is used in various preparations. It is also used as a natural moisturizer, especially for winter. The sap derived from incising the flower clusters of the coconut is drunk as toddy, also known as tub in the Philippines (both fermented and fresh), tuak (Indonesia and Malaysia), karewe (fresh and not fermented, collected twice a day, for breakfast and dinner) in Kiribati, and neera in South Asia. However, the word cocus could also mean "cook" like coquus in Latin,[42] so Linnaeus chose Cocos directly from the Portuguese word coco instead. of tender .coconut and is used as refreshing and agreeable drink and as a useful substitute for saline glucose in intravenous infusion. It is sweet and high in nutritional value. Nearly one third of the world's population depends on coconut for nutrition and trade. Beneficial Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil on Lipid Parameters and in Vitro LDL Oxidation. de Lourdes Arruzazabala, M.; Molina, V.; Ms, R.; Carbajal, D.; Marrero, D.; Gonzlez, V.; Rodrguez, E. (2007). However their original distribution was in the Central Indo-Pacific, in the regions of Maritime Southeast Asia and Melanesia. Mature fruits have significantly less liquid than young, immature coconuts, barring spoilage. The various parts of the coconut have a number of culinary uses. [4], A study in 2011 identified two highly genetically differentiated subpopulations of coconuts, one originating from Island Southeast Asia (the Pacific group) and the other from the southern margins of the Indian subcontinent (the Indo-Atlantic group). Coconut Oil May Help Treat Acne Because coconut oil and its components may help reduce inflammation in the body, it may also aid in the treatment of acne. 50 % of existing coconut palms have passed their economic bearing age (60 years) and are due for replanting, around 900 million coconut seedlings are required at a value of USD$ 2.7 Billion to secure a sustainable future for the global coconut estate. Handwritten notes availableIf you find any doubt then you can ask me in the comment section below Please do like,share, comment the video and subscr. It is also often stated that coconuts can travel 110 days, or 5,000km (3,000mi), by sea and still be able to germinate. [133], Coconut milk and coconut cream extracted from grated coconut is frequently added to various dessert and savory dishes, as well as in curries and stews. Nevin KG. The name comes from the old Portuguese word coco, meaning "head" or "skull", after the three indentations on the coconut shell that resemble facial features. The use of coconut branches in corporal punishment was revived in the Gilbertese community on Choiseul in the Solomon Islands in 2005. The coconut tree provides food, fuel, cosmetics, folk medicine and building materials, among many other uses. Thailand has been raising and training pig-tailed macaques to pick coconuts for around 400years. 2017-08-20 10:24:51. Coconut flesh is high in fat and can be dried or eaten fresh or processed into coconut milk or coconut oil. [49][4][48][60], The coconut played a critical role in the migrations of the Austronesian peoples. What are 10 uses for a coconut? Nutrition Facts: Vegetable Oil, Coconut. [71] They have been found in the Caribbean and the Atlantic coasts of Africa and South America for less than 500 years (the Caribbean native inhabitants do not have a dialect term for them, but use the Portuguese name), but evidence of their presence on the Pacific coast of South America antedates Columbus's arrival in the Americas. The fresh husk of a brown coconut may serve as a dish sponge or body sponge. As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. Bertrand, Mireille. 2,0004,000 adventitious roots may grow, each about 1cm (12in) large. Several countries economies are based on the coconut palm. These are grown for recreational purposes or as an income generator. [67] This figure has been questioned based on the extremely small sample size that forms the basis of the paper that makes this claim. Samosir (eds.) Its fruits are similar to the coconut, but smaller. The tender nut supplies coconut water, a popular thirst quencher of health and hygienic value. As an abrasive,[156] a dried half coconut shell with husk can be used to buff floors. Many insect pests and diseases affect the species and are a nuisance for commercial production. Neera has a low glycemic count at 35 compared to cane sugar or sugarcane juice that has a glycemic count of 80. [86][87][88][84], The pole method uses a long pole with a cutting device at the end. Based on linguistic evidence, the absence of words for coconut in the Taiwanese Austronesian languages makes it likely that the Austronesian coconut culture developed only after Austronesians started colonizing the Philippines. The Hindu goddess of well-being and wealth, Lakshmi, is often shown holding a coconut. The Makapuno (phenomenon) coconut is recognized to be due to the absence of two enzymes in the nut that are responsible in the degradation of the galactomannan in the solid endosp (2009). [151][152], Coconut butter is often used to describe solidified coconut oil, but has also been adopted as an alternate name for creamed coconut, a specialty product made of coconut milk solids or pured coconut meat and oil.[117]. The coconut is also an important economic resource for the production of fiber and other materials. Gatchalian et al 1994 developed a sonometry technique for precisely determining the stage of ripeness of young coconuts. in history at New Mexico State University. [48][49][50][51] The similarities of the local names in the Austronesian region is also cited as evidence that the plant originated in the region. It is known as a bunot in the Philippines and simply a "coconut brush" in Jamaica. [113], Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) is a surfactant manufactured from coconut oil that is increasingly used as an ingredient in personal hygiene products and cosmetics, such as shampoos, liquid soaps, cleansers and antiseptics, among others. Hair loss is the most common cause of hair loss in men and women, and it is the most common cause of hair loss in women. Every day, thousands of coconuts are broken, and some devotees break as many as 108 coconuts at a time as per the prayer. In the west coast of India, the palm is an essential component in the homestead system of farming. Each spike in the spadix bears 2 to 3 female flowers at the base and 200 to 300 male flowers at the top. Coconut Tree is commonly found in coastal areas. The edible white, fleshy part of the seed (the endosperm) is known as the "coconut meat", "coconut flesh", or "coconut kernel. According to epidemiological research published in 1981, a group of Polynesians for whom coconut represented 60% of the daily diet had no evidence of heart disease or hypercholesterolemia, despite the high lauric and myristic acid intake. As part of the activities, there was a two-day conference aimed at re-educating Guyanese about the diverse benefits of the coconut fruit focusing on its economic diversification and multipurpose use, while heightening awareness and boosting the local Agro-tourism sector. All rights reserved. [107] The annual rainy season known locally as khareef or monsoon makes coconut cultivation easy on the Arabian east coast. A coconut can be hollowed out and used as a home for a rodent or small birds. The coconut tree provides food, fuel, cosmetics, folk medicine and building materials, among many other uses.The inner flesh of the mature seed, as well as the coconut milk extracted from it, form a regular part of the diets of many people in the tropics and subtropics. Neera is a delicious natural non-alcoholic beverage, extracted from the spathe or the immature flower spike of coconut trees. It provides the hair with natural shine and softness. [116], It is one of the most useful trees in the world.[16]. [108] The artificial landscaping may have been the cause for lethal yellowing, a viral coconut palm disease that leads to the death of the tree. What are the economic importance of coconut? Coconut oil is also a main ingredient in Ayurvedic oils. Pintonesia Trading Corp has served customers from all over the world and it has become our top priority to meet our customers satisfaction and expectations. The endocarp or shell is used for fuel for making shell charcoal, activated carbon etc. It was the world's largest producer for decades until a decline in production due to aging trees as well as typhoon devastation. The coconut is also an important economic resource for the production of fiber and other materials. The coconut palm is an important crop in many tropical countries, providing food products and raw materials for industries (Jones, 1991). Saturday &Sunday CLOSED, Hybrid Coconut seedlings, Deejay Sampoorna. Man cannot subsist solely on cereal grains. [57] Thor Heyerdahl provides an alternative, and much shorter, estimate based on his first-hand experience crossing the Pacific Ocean on the raft Kon-Tiki:[68]. Spread coconut flakes thinly on a baking sheet and put them in the oven for around five or 10 minutes until they're golden brown. Coconut palms are cultivated north of south Florida to roughly Cocoa Beach on the East Coast and Clearwater on the West Coast. They have a thick fibrous husk surrounding the single-seeded nut. De-husked coconuts typically weigh around 750 to 850 grams (1lb 10oz to 1lb 14oz). Coconut production plays an important role in the national economy of the Philippines. [153], The husk and shells can be used for fuel and are a source of charcoal. Besides, the stem is used for construction of houses and leaves are used for thatching, fencing and making baskets and broomsticks. Palm. Fruit farming has more economic advantages than vegetable farming. The small cylindrical embryo is embedded in the solid endosperm directly below the functional pore of the endosperm. Coconut plays a significant role in the agrarian economy of India. They eventually form the edible solid endosperm (the "coconut meat" or "coconut flesh") which hardens over time. It is claimed that they evolved to disperse significant distances via marine currents. Indo-Atlantic coconuts were also introduced into the Atlantic Ocean by Portuguese ships from their colonies in coastal India and Sri Lanka; first being introduced to coastal West Africa, then onwards into the Caribbean and the east coast of Brazil. It kills bacteria in the mouth and reduces bad breath. Coconut trunks are used for building small bridges and huts; they are preferred for their straightness, strength, and salt resistance. [79][80][81], To avoid this, coconuts workers in the Philippines and Guam traditionally use bolos tied with a rope to the waist to cut grooves at regular intervals on the coconut trunks. In the Philippines, this alcoholic drink is called lambanog (historically also called vino de coco in Spanish) or "coconut vodka". Whether you are starting your first company or you are a dedicated entrepreneur diving into a new venture, Bizfluent is here to equip you with the tactics, tools and information to establish and run your ventures. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. [85] Mechanical coconut climbing devices and even automated robots have also been recently developed in countries like India, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia. The coconut sector in the past has been dominated by products, copra and coconut oil, and the international coconut trade used to be driven by the demand for . They can be sorted mainly into tall cultivars, dwarf cultivars, and hybrid cultivars (hybrids between talls and dwarfs). Other cultivars of niu leka may also exist in other islands of the Pacific, and some are probably descendants of advanced crosses between Compact Dwarfs and Southeast Asian Dwarf types.[11][65]. and Koop Wind (Eds.). Economic Role Coconut palms yield roughly 20 percent of the markets oils and fats, Just Change Trust estimates. [176], It was the main food of adherents of the now discontinued Vietnamese religion o Da. Coconut meal leftovers from oil and milk production feeds livestock. [164] The smell of coconuts comes from the 6-pentyloxan-2-one molecule, known as -decalactone in the food and fragrance industries. Demand grew by 8 percent annually during 1993 to 2004. It is governed by a single recessive gene (there are studies to this effect) and . [174], The flowers are used sometimes in wedding ceremonies in Cambodia. Coconut is a crop of small and marginal farmers since 98% of about five million coconut holdings in the country are less than two hectares. Other types of large trees produce a single downward-growing tap root with a number of feeder roots growing from it. On many islands, coconut is a staple in the diet. What is the economic importance of coconut? Dried coconut is also used as the filling for many chocolate bars. Every single one of these was ruined by the sea water. From here, island-hopping via coral atolls lining the Tethys Sea, potentially boosted by the ocean currents at the time, would have proved crucial to dispersal, eventually allowing ancestral coconuts to reach India. The 2014 coral atoll origin hypothesis proposed that the coconut had dispersed in an island hopping fashion using the small, sometimes transient, coral atolls. Coconut oil has anti-inflammatory properties, making it beneficial for irritated, chafed skin. Miami is the only city outside of Greenwich, Connecticut, where the organization hosts an event. Copyright 2020 Deejay Coconut Farm Pvt Ltd | All Rights Reserved |, Scope for Coconut Cultivation and its National Importance, Four things you most likely didnt know about coconut hybridization. Is eating coconut good for your skin? Halved, drained coconuts can also be hung up as bird feeders, and after the flesh has gone, can be filled with fat in winter to attract tits. (January 27, 1967). Economic theory posits that economic welfare is the total benefit available to society provided by various economic transaction and situation (Economic Online, 2014). This results in the naked coconut "shell" with three pores more familiar in countries where coconuts are not grown locally. [181], Literary evidence from the Ramayana and Sri Lankan chronicles indicates that the coconut was present in the Indian subcontinent before the 1st centuryBCE. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). Coconut plays a significant role in the agrarian economy of India. These vary by the taste of the coconut water and color of the fruit, as well as other genetic factors. In fact, the toning property of coconut helps in preventing acne by minimizing the pores of the skin, leaving it glowing. And no coconut can float over the sea faster than a balsa raft moves with the wind behind it. Malakanin (literally "cooked rice-like") refers to young coconut meat (around 78 months old) which has a more opaque white appearance, a soft texture similar to cooked rice, and can still be easily scraped off the coconut shell. Rich in fiber and MCTs, it may offer a number of benefits, including improved heart health, weight loss, and digestion. The coconut is also a popular ingredient in many types of cuisine, including Southeast Asian, South Asian, and Caribbean dishes. The boiled young seedlings of Borassus flabellifer palmyra palm are edible and its fruits are eaten raw. What Does The Fig Tree Represent In John 1? [70], Given that coconuts are ideally suited for inter-island group ocean dispersal, obviously some natural distribution did take place. Malakatad (literally "leather-like") refers to fully mature coconut meat (around 8 to 9 months old) with an opaque white appearance, a tough rubbery to leathery texture, and is difficult to separate from the shell. However, several states like Assam, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Tripura, Manipur, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh have emerged as non-traditional areas for the cultivation of coconut. [182] The earliest direct description is given by Cosmas Indicopleustes in his Topographia Christiana written around 545, referred to as "the great nut of India". [43], The specific name nucifera is derived from the Latin words nux (nut) and fera (bearing), for 'nut-bearing'. More recently, genomic analysis of cultivated coconut (C.nucifera L.) has shed light on the movement. Coconut oil helps bolster your skins protective barrier layer, trapping moisture inside and keeping skin supple and hydrated. The coconut industry also generates employment and supports local businesses, contributing to the overall economic development of these communities. Fancy utensil can be prepare from shell. It can be reduced further to yield coconut sugar also referred to as palm sugar or jaggery. Encyclopaedia Brittanica online. The mesocarp is composed of a fiber, called coir, which has many traditional and commercial uses. In Vanuatu, coconut palms for copra production are generally spaced 9m (30ft) apart, allowing a tree density of 100 to 160 per hectare (40 to 65 per acre). It is also used as a natural moisturizer, especially for winter. The decoration of foots is astringent and is used as mouth was and gargle. Adkins S.W., M. Foale and Y.M.S. "[117] In the coconut industry, coconut meat can be classified loosely into three different types depending on maturity namely "Malauhog", "Malakanin" and "Malakatad". Nata de coco, also called coconut gel, is another jelly-like coconut product made from fermented coconut water. Updates? [26][27][31], Outside of New Zealand and India, only two other regions have reported Cocos-like fossils, namely Australia and Colombia. It contributes 2 per cent to Sri Lankas GDP, 2.5 per cent to export earnings and 5 per cent to employment. [118][119] Another method is to shake the coconut. . ; Muralidharan, K.; Parthasarathy, V.A. Required fields are marked *. The inner posterior tepal is completely outside. It also promotes scalp health by fighting against insect bite, lice and dandruff. What is the economic importance of coconut? [166][167][168] Amphioctopus marginatus is the first invertebrate known to be able to use tools.[167][169]. Coconut oil, aside from being used in cooking as an ingredient and for frying, is used in soaps, cosmetics, hair oil, and massage oil. [23] The root system consists of an abundance of thin roots that grow outward from the plant near the surface. It has great demand in confectionary and other good industries. [77], Coconut has a number of commercial and traditional cultivars. Although archaeological remains dating back to 1000 to 500BCE also suggest that the Indo-Atlantic coconuts were also later independently cultivated by the Dravidian peoples, only Pacific coconuts show clear signs of domestication traits like dwarf habits, self-pollination, and rounded fruits. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. This accompanies the palagip (prayer to the dead). Mature, ripe coconuts can be used as edible seeds, or processed for oil and plant milk from the flesh, charcoal from the hard shell, and coir from the fibrous husk. The study contended that an adaptation to coral atolls would explain the prehistoric and modern distributions of Cocos, would have provided the necessary evolutionary pressures, and would account for morphological factors such as a thick husk to protect against ocean degradation and provide a moist medium in which to germinate on sparse atolls. One of the primary economic contributions of the coconut is as a source of food. Chan, Edward and Craig R. Elevitch. The main coconut-producing area in the Middle East is the Dhofar region of Oman, but they can be grown all along the Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea, and Red Sea coasts, because these seas are tropical and provide enough humidity (through seawater evaporation) for coconut trees to grow. What happens to your body if you drink coconut water everyday? Fruit farming is one of the most important and long-standing traditions in India, having been done before the beginning of time. The liquid of the nut, known as coconut water, is used in beverages. Coconut timber comes from the trunk, and is increasingly being used as an ecologically sound substitute for endangered hardwoods. [21][22], Whole mature coconuts (11 to 13 months from flowering) sold for export, however, typically have the husk removed to reduce weight and volume for transport. Early Spanish explorers called it coco, meaning "monkey face." Numerous other dwarf cultivars also developed as the initial dwarf cultivar was introduced to other regions and hybridized with various tall cultivars. This pattern coincides with the known trade routes of Austronesian sailors. [114], The coconut palm is grown throughout the tropics for decoration, as well as for its many culinary and nonculinary uses; virtually every part of the coconut palm can be used by humans in some manner and has significant economic value. Why is coconut called the Tree of Life? As of 2006, the U.S. annually imported 190 million pounds of coconut oil, whose worldwide trade reached $20 million. (1995). It contains less than 3% of the original moisture content of coconut meat. Coconut oil, from the seed of the palm coconut, Cocos nucifera, is highly revered in Asia as the "Tree of Life" or as the fruit of the gods. Perianth Tepals 6 arranged in two whorls of three each, persistent and polyphyllous showing valvate aestivation in both the whorls. See also Can I Rub Coconut Oil On My Gums? Androecium Absent but staminodes are present. China is the largest producer of watermelon, Brazil of oranges, Italy of grapes and India of bananas. Freshly shredded mature coconut meat, known as "grated coconut", "shredded coconut", or "coconut flakes", is used in the extraction of coconut milk. The husks can be used as flotation devices. Theyre mostly green until they fully mature. [57] If they were naturally distributed and had been in the Pacific for a thousand years or so, then we would expect the eastern shore of Australia, with its own islands sheltered by the Great Barrier Reef, to have been thick with coconut palms: the currents were directly into, and down along this coast. Various other products made from thickened coconut milk with sugar and/or eggs like coconut jam and coconut custard are also widespread in Southeast Asia. [98][99][100], Two important coconut products were first developed in the Philippines, macapuno and nata de coco. In order to resolve this enigma, a 2014 study proposed that the ancestors of Cocos had likely originated on the Caribbean coast of what is now Colombia, and during the Eocene the ancestral Cocos performed a long-distance dispersal across the Atlantic Ocean to North Africa. [27][29][30] Conran et al. The shells of the coconut can also be used to create charcoal, which has a variety of industrial and domestic uses. The white flesh of a coconut can be used in lots of different ways. The immature seeds are infested and desapped by larvae staying in the portion covered by the perianth of the immature seed; the seeds then drop off or survive deformed. The UAE has, however, imposed strict laws on mature coconut tree imports from other countries to reduce the spread of pests to other native palm trees, as the mixing of date and coconut trees poses a risk of cross-species palm pests, such as rhinoceros beetles and red palm weevils. Coconut flesh is either eaten raw or dried to form copra, the meat of the seed and the source for coconut oil. "Effects of coconut oil on testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in Sprague-Dawley rats". They provided a portable source of both food and water, allowing Austronesians to survive long sea voyages to colonize new islands as well as establish long-range trade routes. Coconut is an important tree crop with diverse end-users and employment generation potentials. 2023 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. and early germination on the palm (vivipary) was important. In some coconut growing countries, the coconut is the main or only source of foreign exchange earnings. This variety of oilseeds made up over 10 percent of the sector that year. Though safer and faster than the climbing method, its main disadvantage is that it does not allow workers to examine and clean the crown of coconuts for pests and diseases. Medium chain fats have also been known to help in weight loss and reduce waist circumference. Its meat fills the entire interior of the coconut shell, rather than just the inner surfaces. [95], The practice of using macaques to harvest coconuts was exposed in Thailand by the People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) in 2019, resulting in calls for boycotts on coconut products. Frison, E.A. The tradition began in the 1910s, and has continued since. It also had ceremonial importance in pre-colonial animistic religions. Coconuts take 12 months to fully mature and ripen. However, it is not native and displays a genetic bottleneck resulting from a founder effect. Coconut is the environment friendly small-holder palm of the tropical environment, Covering 12.28 million hectares in 90 countries with an annual production of 64.3 billion nuts, Coconut provides USD$ 7.73 Billion per annum to global coconut small holders. [62] The two groups are genetically distinct, with the dwarf variety showing a greater degree of artificial selection for ornamental traits and for early germination and fruiting. Climbing is the most widespread, but it is also more dangerous and requires skilled workers. Coconut is the most versatile tree in the world and is known as "the tree of life". A single coconut palm may yield 100 coconuts annually, and each fruit requires a year to fully ripen. However, the locations of the admixture events are limited to Madagascar and coastal east Africa, and exclude the Seychelles. The fruit, meat, water, and milk of the coconut are all widely consumed as part of the diet in many parts of the world. They can also be cooked in sugar and eaten as a dessert in the Philippines known as bukayo.[117][123][124][125][126]. Apical buds of adult plants are edible, and are known as "palm cabbage" or heart of palm. [20], The evolutionary history and fossil distribution of Cocos nucifera and other members of the tribe Cocoseae is more ambiguous than modern-day dispersal and distribution, with its ultimate origin and pre-human dispersal still unclear. A young, well-maintained tree can produce around 300 litres (79 US gallons) of toddy per year, while a 40-year-old tree may yield around 400L (110USgal). C. binoriensis has been claimed by their authors to be the earliest known fossil of Cocos nucifera. Several countries' economies are based on the coconut palm. [82][78][83] Other manual methods to make climbing easier include using a system of pulleys and ropes; using pieces of vine, rope, or cloth tied to both hands or feet; using spikes attached to the feet or legs; or attaching coconut husks to the trunk with ropes. All of these introductions are within the last few centuries, relatively recent in comparison to the spread of Pacific coconuts.[49]. See also Can Raw Coconut Cause Stomach Pain? Beneficial Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil on Lipid Parameters and in Vitro LDL Oxidation. It is an important commercial product obtained from the husk of coconut. The Coconut Palm (Cocos Nucifera L.) is referred as The Tree of Life due to its incredible value to man and the incredible number of products and by-products that can be created from it. In addition, fossils of potential Cocos ancestors have been recovered from both Colombia and India. But research on them is still ongoing to determine which of them (if any) actually belong to the genus Cocos. [74], Brontispa longissima (coconut leaf beetle) feeds on young leaves, and damages both seedlings and mature coconut palms. Coconut water can be fermented to produce coconut vinegar. It is produced as the endosperm nourishes the developing embryo. Fishermen give an offering of coconut to the sea to celebrate the beginning of a new fishing season. Predominantly, the Philippines, Indonesia, India, . (2009). In Cambodia, the roots are used in traditional medicine as a treatment for dysentery. According to the Just Change Trust in India, over 500 million coconut palms are cultivated in tropical regions, where coconuts are the prime source of fats and protein for more than 400 million people.
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