In the next several months, fifteen of the pirates were brought to trial and six were convicted. However, he remained in England, having received on 9 August 1698 an, "Order for one Dann, lately Every's mate but pardoned, to attend the Board to-morrow. The remaining men set course, after some dissension, for Nassau in the Bahamas, Every purchasing some ninety slaves shortly before sailing. [88] As such, ascribing this fate to Every may have been a type of moral propagandizing on Johnson's part. Although a number of his crew were subsequently arrested, Every himself eluded capture, vanishing from all records in 1696; his whereabouts and activities after this period are unknown. This article is more than 2 months old. Yet another account appeared in The Famous Adventures of Captain John Avery of Plymouth, a Notorious Pirate (London: T. Johnston, 1809),[125] although this is likely a retelling of earlier publications. The account tells of Van Broeck's short captivity by Every's crew aboard Fancy, and claims that Every's father was a trading captain who had served in the Royal Navy under Admiral Robert Blake. Si vous disposez d'ouvrages ou d'articles de référence ou si vous connaissez des sites web de qualité traitant du thème abordé ici, merci de compléter l'article en donnant les références utiles à sa vérifiabilité et en les liant à la section « Notes et références ». In particular, Every accomplished his feats while many infamous pirates of the post-Spanish-S… In the account, Every is depicted as both a treacherous pirate and a romantic lover; after he raids the Mughal's ship, he runs off with—and later marries—the Emperor's daughter. As William Phillips, a mariner on Dove, would later testify, Every went "up & down from Ship to Ship & persuaded the men to come on board him, & he would carry them where they should get money enough. [65][66] Khafi Khan's account of the battle, appearing in his multivolume work The History of India, as Told by Its Own Historians, places blame squarely on Captain Ibrahim for the failure, writing: "The Christians are not bold in the use of the sword, and there were so many weapons on board the royal vessel that if the captain had made any resistance, they must have been defeated. [47] Nine of the men from these ships were quickly persuaded to join Every's crew,[44] who now numbered about ninety-four men. If Every was known to be living in poverty, it is most likely that he would have been apprehended and the large bounty on his head collected. It was written by an anonymous author who, using pseudonym "Adrian van Broeck," claimed to be a Dutchman who endured captivity by Every's crew. [49] Continuing to hug the African coastline, Every then stopped at Bioko in the Bight of Benin, where Fancy was careened and razeed. [84] Trott knew that the French had recently captured Exuma, 140 miles (230 km) to the southeast, and were now headed for New Providence. Dann escaped the hangman by turning King's witness. In 1528, Henry VIII slept in a different bed every night—and not in the way you might think. When he retired from piracy, he returned to London to spend his riches, even opening a brothel in Deptford. Henry Flower Every 1893. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Another flag ascribed to Every depicts a white skull in profile wearing a kerchief and an earring, above a saltire of two 2. te crossed bones, on a black or red field. [7] Here the crew shared out £1,000 (roughly £93,300 to £128,000 today)[i] per man, more money than most sailors made in their lifetime. [8] Although Every's career as a pirate lasted only two years, his exploits captured the public's imagination, inspired others to take up piracy, and spawned works of literature. Il serait né, selon les sources le 23 août 1659 et mort après 1696. Il est surnommé The Arch Pirate and The King of Pirates (" le roi des pirates" ). I told him that were he not Governor I would not endure such language, and that it was hard to be so treated for doing my duty. "[110], Fateh Muhammed's cargo was valued to £50,000–60,000 according to the estimate provided by Dann at his trial;[63] this amount is worth some $30 million in modern currency. I made him no Answer, but went down to my Cabin; and he said, God damn you, you deserve to be shot through the Head; and he then held a Pistol to my Head. The Nine Years' War had been raging for eight years, and the island, which the Royal Navy had not visited in several years, was perilously underpopulated. As it was by now known that Every was sheltering somewhere in the Atlantic colonies, where he would likely find safety among corrupt colonial governors, he was out of the jurisdiction of the EIC. [54][60] With Amity and Dolphin left behind, only Fancy, Pearl, and Portsmouth Adventure were present for the actual battle. Henry Every alias Henry Avery, John Avary, Long Ben ou Benjamin Bridgeman, est l'un des plus fameux flibustiers anglais. "[70] Philip Middleton testified that several of the Indian men were murdered, while they also "put several to the torture" and Every's men "lay with the women aboard, and there were several that, from their jewels and habits, seemed to be of better quality than the rest. Henry has found mention in several literary works. [78] A livid Aurangzeb quickly closed four of the EIC's factories in India and imprisoned the officers, nearly ordering an armed attack against the English city of Bombay with the goal of forever expelling the English from India. [62] With Ganj-i-sawai unable to escape, Fancy drew alongside. Every's exploits immediately captivated the public's imagination, and some considered him a sort of gallant maritime Robin Hood who exemplified the working class idea that rebellion and piracy were acceptable ways to fight back against unfair captains and societies. In addition to the play and books written about Henry Every, a successful ballad was also printed in England during his career. May argued that, being "a very sickly man," he had "never acted in all the voyage,"[96] while Bishop reminded the court that he was "forced away," and, being only eighteen years of age during the 1694 mutiny, desired mercy. [121] Over time, much of the English public came to believe the memoir's sensationalist claims. In return for letting Fancy enter the harbor and for keeping the men's violation of the EIC's trading monopoly a secret, the crew would pay Trott a combined total of £860. After sailing far enough for safety, Every gave the non-conspirators a chance to go ashore, even deferentially offering to let Gibson command the ship if he would join their cause. Henry Every, also Avery or Evory, (23 August 1659 – time of death uncertain, possibly 1699) sometimes erroneously given as Jack Avery or John Avery, was an English pirate who operated in the Atlantic and Indian oceans in the mid-1690s. [10] The Crown also promised to exempt Every from all of the Acts of Grace (pardons) and amnesties it would subsequently issue to other pirates. "[67] Indeed, Every's outnumbered crew may have suffered anywhere from several to over a hundred casualties, although these figures are uncertain. Preferring the former choice for the sake of his reputation, he alerted the authorities as to the pirates' whereabouts, but was able to tip off Every and his crew before the authorities arrived. [d], Charles II had been commissioned by England's ally, Charles II of Spain (the ship's namesake), to prey on French vessels in the West Indies. "Henry Avery" redirects here. Joining forces with several pirate vessels, Every found himself in command of a small pirate squadron, and they were able to capture up to £600,000 in precious metals and jewels,[8] equivalent to around £91.9 million in 2021,[9] making him the richest pirate in the world. Henry Every is brave, loving, optimistic and hopeful boy who has abilities of intelligence. The latter estimate was the value provided by the Mughal authorities, while the EIC estimated the loss at approximately £325,000, nevertheless filing a £600,000 insurance claim. Although it is sometimes reported that Every used his phenomenal skills of persuasion to convince the other captains to leave the Mughal loot in his care, quickly slipping away into the night with the entire haul, this comes from Charles Johnson's A General History of the Pyrates, an unreliable account. Devon, Anglie - po roce 1694? [73], Fancy sailed for Bourbon, arriving in November 1695. However, about seventeen of Every's crew refused to go any further and were left behind on the island. Comment ajouter mes sources ? Owing to his notoriety, Every was, along with Blackbeard, one of the few pirates whose life was dramatized on stage. D'une famille de marin et son brevet de second en poche il s'embarque tout d'abord à bord d'un navire marchand. His enormous treasure, however, could never be recovered. It is, however, unclear how Johnson could have discovered this. En pratique : Quelles sources sont attendues ? Although illegal, unlicensed slaving could be a highly lucrative enterprise, as Every was certainly aware; the prospect of profits ensured that violations of the company's monopoly by "interlopers" (unlicensed slavers) remained a fairly common crime. Every began his pirate career while he was first mate aboard the warship Charles II. Every's men then gave Mayes 2,000 pieces of eight (presumably an approximate sum as the treasure captured would have been in Indian and Arabian coins of a different denomination) to buy supplies, and soon parted company. Mazur (S.), 2011.- A concise catalogue of the Histeridae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Later accounts would tell of how Every himself had found "something more pleasing than jewels" aboard, usually reported to be Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb's daughter or granddaughter. By Marco Margaritoff. All surviving government documents from Every's time give his name as "Henry Every" (occasionally spelled "Avery" and "Evarie" in contemporary records), and "Henry Every" is how the pirate signed his name. [8], It has been suggested that the EIC argued for the lowest estimate when paying reparations for Every's raid, with the company's president naturally wanting the most conservative estimate in order to pay as little for the damages as possible. As piracy was a capital crime, and the death penalty could be handed down only if there were eyewitnesses, the testimony of Dann and Middleton was crucial. "[95] This time, the jury returned a guilty verdict. More reliable sources indicate that there was an exchange of clipped coins between the crews of Pearl and Fancy, with Every's outraged men confiscating Pearl's treasure. Although such stories were widely believed to be true by the public, they had no basis in reality. On top of this, each man received an additional share of gemstones. Henry Every, also Evory or Avery, (23 August 1659 – after 1696), sometimes erroneously given as John Avery, [lower-alpha 1] was an English pirate who operated in the $3 and Indian Oceans in the mid-1690s. The loot from Ganj-i-sawai, the greatest ship in the Muslim fleet, totaled somewhere between £200,000 and £600,000, including 500,000 gold and silver pieces. On the other hand, turning away "Bridgeman" might spell disaster if his intentions turned violent, as his crew of 113 (plus ninety slaves) would easily defeat the island's inhabitants. His crew members were sighted in the Carolinas, New England, and in Pennsylvania, where some even bribed Governor William Markham for £100 per man. Although the convoy had managed to elude the pirate fleet during the night, the pirates gave chase. (Another suggested year for Every's birth is 1665,[19] though this too is in error.) [46], At Maio, the easternmost of the Cape Verde's Sotavento islands, Every committed his first piracy, robbing three English merchantmen from Barbados of provisions and supplies. Nevertheless, the crew soon found themselves disappointed with the Bahamas; the islands were sparsely populated, meaning that there was virtually no place to spend the money they had pirated. Newly Uncovered Document Reveals How Henry VIII Planned Every Detail Of Anne Boleyn’s Beheading. Despite considerable pressure on the jury to find the defendants guilty, with Judge Advocate of the Admiralty Sir Dr Thomas Newton reminding the jury that the consequences of an acquittal would be "the total loss of the Indian trade, and thereby the impoverishment of this kingdom,"[92] the jury passed a verdict of not guilty. The pirates reportedly utilized torture to extract information from their prisoners, who had hidden the treasure in the ship's holds. The EIC had seen its total annual imports drop from a peak of £800,000 in 1684, to just £30,000 in 1695,[77] and Every's attack now threatened the very existence of English trade in India. The pirates caught up with Fateh Muhammed four or five days later. One of the witnesses against the accused mutineers was David Creagh, second officer of Charles II. No pirate utopia awaited him, however, and he died an alcoholic beggar. He had sewn £1,045 in gold sequins and ten English guineas into his waistcoat, which was discovered by his chambermaid, who subsequently reported the discovery to the town's mayor, collecting a reward in the process. [1] By joining the pantheon of other "noble pirates," including Francis Drake and Henry Morgan, Every doubtlessly inspired many others to take up piracy. Death Date? He was so popular that many books and plays were written about him and his adventures. No reliable information about Every's whereabouts or activities emerged after June 1696. [53] All of these captains were carrying privateering commissions that implicated almost the entire Eastern Seaboard of North America. [57], Every now sailed in pursuit of the second Mughal ship, Ganj-i-Sawai[58] (meaning "Exceeding Treasure," and often Anglicized as Gunsway),[59] overtaking it a few days after the attack on Fateh Muhammed. Some have speculated that it referred to Every's height, the pirate having once been described as "a tall, strongly built man. [127] In any case, the strength of the ballad likely played a role in the government's outlawing of Every nearly 2, years before he had become known as the most infamous pirate of his time.[128]. Sparkes was the only pirate to publicly express some regret, but not for piracy, which was of "lesser concern"—instead, he was repentant for the "horrid barbarities he had committed, though only on the bodies of the heathen," implying that he had participated in the violation of the women aboard the Mughal ships. The earliest biographical account of the man, The Life and Adventures of Capt. As the ship lay anchored in the northern Spanish harbour of Corunna, the crew grew discontented as Spain failed to deliver a letter of marque and Charles II's owners failed to pay their wages, and they mutinied. Every's most famous raid was on a 25-ship convoy of Grand Mughal vessels making the annual pilgrimage to Mecca, including the treasure-laden Ghanjah dhow Ganj-i-sawai and its escort, Fateh Muhammed. "A Copy of Verses" contains a few statements, such as Every's declaration to have been "part-owner" of land near Plymouth, that were later corroborated by William Philips, the captured crew member with whom Every had once shared information. Accordingly, the Board of Trade was tasked with coordinating the manhunt for Every and his crew.[80]. "[99] This he did on 11 August at the East India House, giving details of his voyage and plunder on board Fancy. A common account states that Captain Gibson was a notorious drunkard and was intoxicated at the time of the mutiny; however, depositions provided by Every's crew make it clear that Captain Gibson was gravely ill and not drunk. It is a story, about a pirate who supposedly retired after only one year of piracy and lived the rest of his life under a false identity as a rich man. It has been suggested that, like Every before him, England had a "brief, yet spectacular career,"[117] and he may have come "closest to living out the Every legend."[118]. The venture consisted of four warships: the pink Seventh Son, as well as the frigates Dove (of which famed navigator William Dampier was second mate),[30] James, and Charles II (sometimes erroneously given as Duke). Although this location and date are now known to be incorrect, they have been frequently cited in earlier literature. [87], British author and pirate biographer Charles Johnson suggested that, after attempting to sell his diamonds, Every died in poverty in Devon after being cheated out of his wealth by Bristol merchants. C'est de là qu'i… Genealogy profile for Henry Every Henry Every (deceased) - Genealogy Genealogy for Henry Every (deceased) family tree on Geni, with over 200 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. [132] However, there is no reliable evidence that Every actually flew such a flag. Death of a king. In October 1781 John Knill, the Collector of Customs at St Ives, Cornwall, held a meeting with a descendant of Every who stated that his ″father had told him that Captain Every, after wandering about in great poverty and distress, had died in Barnstaple, and was buried as a pauper ...″[90]. 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