The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a conduit for maritime trade. The Panama Canal (Spanish: Canal de Panamá) is an artificial 82 km (51 mi) waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean. The engineering, technical, medical, and scientific challenges were incredible, first having to get disease under control and then figure out whether it should be a sea-level or a lock canal. The causes of the Panama Canal are location, commerce, and the human drive to overcome obstacles. The creation of additional employment within Panama due to the expansion, an estimated 10-15%, and mid-long term effects of extra income within the country, will only further strengthen and develop Panama. Many U.S. exports and imports travel through the Canal daily (over 10% of all U.S. shipping goes through the Canal). The frayed relations between the U.S. and Panama began almost immediately after the signing of the 1903 Hay-Bunau-­Varilla treaty that allowed the U.S. to build and maintain the Panama Canal on the Isthmus of Panama. The Panama Canal extends diagonally across the Isthmus of Panama from south-east to north-west, a distance of 42 miles from shore to shore. Impact of the Panama Canal Today, Over 10% of the United States shipping goes through the Canal. In 2012 the ACP reported that, for the second consecutive year, contributions from the Panama Canal to the nation’s coffers exceeded $1 billion. The Panama Canal is essential to the Panama as well as United States economies. Many people died building the Panama Canal: Of the 56,000 workers employed between 1904 and 1913, roughly 5,600 were reportedly killed. Panama was established as a country, with U.S. assistance, shortly before the treaty was signed in 1903. Not only is the Panama Canal important to Panama for income and jobs, but it is also considered to be vitally important to the United States economy. This is not only helpful in providing a way to transport goods but creates many jobs within the process. The causes of the Panama Canal are location, commerce, and the human drive to overcome obstacles. Between 1903 and 1914, the United States spent $302 million on construction. The Costs of the Panama Canal The Panama Canal was the most expensive public works project in American his-tory until that time. At Panama, the antimalarial work was principally rural, located for 47 miles along the line of the railroad between Panama and Colon. Panama Canal. In 2004 dollars, adjusted with the U.S. GDP deflator, the Panama Ca-nal cost $4.4 billion. The Panama Canal has always had plenty of competition, much of it from the Suez Canal. Regardless, the Panama Canal continues to operate at near capacity and is raking in the profits. 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