[76][77] Chennai is also the sixth-most populous city in India according to the 2011 Indian census. The Pandyan capital Madurai was in the deep south away from the coast. Though this finding remains contested, like the claim of historian Michel Danino who rubbishes the theory of the latter's southward migration in a paper he presented at the International Symposium on Indus Civilisation and Tamil Language in 2007. [181] The major road junctions are Chennai, Vellore, Madurai, Trichy, Coimbatore, Tiruppur, Salem, Tirunelveli, Thoothukudi, Karur, Kumbakonam, Krishnagiri, Dindigul and Kanniyakumari. Mahamagam a bathing festival at Kumbakonam in Tamil Nadu is celebrated once in 12 years. One of the earliest regional parties, the South Indian Welfare Association, a forerunner to Dravidian parties in Tamil Nadu, was started in 1916. Tamil Nadu now has 69 per cent reservation in educational institutions for socially backward sections of society, the highest among all Indian states. [184], In Tamil Nadu, the Government of India is to set up a new Rocket launch pad near Kulasekharapatnam in Thoothukudi district for which the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has begun work. Rajaraja Chola conquered all of peninsular South India and parts of Sri Lanka. District . [65][66][67] The rural bodies include 31 district panchayats, 385 panchayat unions and 12,524 village panchayats.[68][69][70]. [30], Kallanai or Grand Anicut, an ancient dam built on the Kaveri River in Thanjavur district by Karikala Chola around the 2nd century CE[31][32][33][34], Shore Temple built by the Pallavas at Mamallapuram during the 8th century, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The second day, Surya Pongal is the main day which falls on the first day of the tenth Tamil month of Thai (14 January or 15 January in the western calendar). The Nilgiri Mountain Railway, Brihadishwara Temple in Thanjavur, Gangaikonda Cholapuram and the Airavatesvara Temple in Darasuram (Great Chola Temples) and the Shore Temple along with the collection of other monuments in Mamallapuram which have been declared as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.[220][221]. The state government owns Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers,[169] in Karur. Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in Coimbatore is a multi-purpose stadium in Coimbatore constructed in 1971 which is used to host I-League football matches. They are: 1. The loco shed at Erode is a huge composite electric and diesel Loco shed. Tamil Nadu covers an area of 130,058 km2 (50,216 sq mi), and is the eleventh-largest state in India. One of the basic limitations for improvement in education in the state is the rate of absence of teachers in public schools, which at 21.4 per cent is significant. There are a total of 23,166,721 households. We are a well-known Bottled Mineral Water Exporter and Supplier based in Tamil Nadu. The granite gopuram (tower) of Brihadisvara Temple, 1010 CE, Airavatesvara Temple built by Rajaraja Chola II in the 12th century CE, The pyramidal structure above the sanctum at Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram, Brihadisvara Temple Entrance Gopurams at Thanjavur. The reason for the victory of the Justice Party in elections was the non-participation of the INC, demanding complete independence of India. The chieftains of these Palayams were known as Palaiyakkarar (or 'polygar' as called by British) and were ruling under the nawabs of the Carnatic. Ramachandran Central Railway Station, Madurai Junction, Katpadi Junction, Chennai Egmore, Salem Junction, Tiruchirappalli Junction, Coimbatore Junction are upgraded to A1 grade level. Tamil Nadu's coastline bore the brunt of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami when it hit India, which caused 7,793 direct deaths in the state. 1:47. The Indian Triathlon Federation and the Volleyball Federation of India are headquartered in Chennai. Tamil Nadu's sugarcane yield per hectare is the highest in India. The bordering states are Kerala to the west, Karnataka to the north-west and Andhra Pradesh to the north. The Vijayanagara empire eventually conquered the entire Tamil country by c. 1370 and ruled for almost two centuries until its defeat in the Battle of Talikota in 1565 by a confederacy of Deccan sultanates. Sashtri, A History of South India, pp 109–112, sfn error: no target: CITEREFCensus_population2011 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFCensus_by_religious_communities2002 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFCensus_of_Tamil_Nadu2011 (, The only religious poems among the shorter poems occur in, sfn error: no target: CITEREFChosun_Ilbo2007 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFe-census_India2002 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFMurali_Vijay2013 (, sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFRavichandran_Ashwin2012 (, Brihadisvara Temple, Gangaikonda Cholapuram, South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests, List of cities in Tamil Nadu by population, List of towns in Tamil Nadu by population, List of districts in Tamil Nadu by Human Development Index, Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, Indian Institute of Management Tiruchirappalli, Institute of Road and Transport Technology, Puratchi Thalaivar Dr. M.G. [175][176][177][178] The SaaS sector in/around Chennai generates US$1 billion in revenue and employs about 10000 personnel. The Sports Development Authority of Tamil Nadu (SDAT), a government body, is vested with the responsibility of developing sports and related infrastructure in the state. [134][135] Cable used to be the preferred mode of reaching homes controlled by government run operator Arasu Cable. If you are at an office or shared network, you can ask the network administrator to run a scan across the network looking for misconfigured or infected devices. Much of Tamil grammar is extensively described in the oldest known grammar book for the Tamil language, the Tolkāppiyam.Modern Tamil is largely based on the 13th-century grammar book Naṉṉūl which restated and clarified the rules of the Tolkāppiyam, with some modifications. [205] S. Ilavazhagi carrom world champion from 2002 to 2016. The Nilgiri Mountain Railway (part of the Mountain Railways of India) is one of the UNESCO World Heritage Site connecting Ooty on the hills and Mettupalayam in the foothills which is in turn connected to Coimbatore. As a breakaway faction of the DMK. Tamil Nadu has a wide range of biomes extending east from the South Western Ghats montane rain forests in the Western Ghats through the South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests and Deccan thorn scrub forests to tropical dry broadleaf forests and then to the beaches, estuaries, salt marshes, mangroves, seagrasses and coral reefs of the Bay of Bengal. The Muslim invasions of southern India triggered the establishment of the Hindu Vijayanagara Empire with Vijayanagara in modern Karnataka as its capital. The … [91], Distribution of languages in Tamil Nadu[4], Tamil is the sole official language of Tamil Nadu while English is declared an additional official language for communication purposes. Neyveli Airport is being renovated since 2019[183] to start the service from mid 2020. The Mineral Resources Authority is warning alluvial miners who may be conducting unauthorized semi-mechanized or mechanized alluvial mining, to stop their activ. Tamil Nadu is one of the leading states in the textile sector and it houses the country's largest spinning industry accounting for almost 80 per cent of the total installed capacity in India. [147] Chennai Port is an artificial harbour situated on the Coromandel Coast and is the second principal port in the country for handling containers. [3] It ranks 11th among all Indian states in human development index. The centenary old Pamban Bridge over sea connecting Rameswaram in Pamban island to the mainland is an engineering marvel. The southernmost tip of the Indian Peninsula is Kanyakumari which is the meeting point of the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, and the Indian Ocean. [205] Most of these traditional sports are associated with festivals of land like Thai Pongal and mostly played in rural areas. He was once referred to by Time magazine as "The Mozart of Madras". It was a non-political party which demanded the establishment of an independent state called Dravida Nadu. According to epigraphist Iravatham Mahadevan, this was the first datable artefact bearing the Indus script to be found in Tamil Nadu. The top engineering colleges in Tamil Nadu have been a major recruiting hub for the IT firms. The Tamil Nadu Hockey Association is the governing body of hockey in the state. The present government is headed by Edappadi K. Palaniswami, after the demise of former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, J. Jayalalithaa of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. Atomic power stations of Tamil Nadu - definition The first atomic power station of Tamil Nadu is located at Kalpakkam about 80 km south of Chennai. Architecture from Chola period From left to right: A State flag for Tamil Nadu was unilaterally proposed by the Government of Tamil Nadu in 1970. Tamil Nadu is mostly dependent on monsoon rains and thereby is prone to droughts when the monsoons fail. [168][citation needed]. [46] He was captured by the British at the end of the war and hanged near Kayattar in 1799. Tamil Nadu has six Nationalised Home Banks which originated in this state; Two government-sector banks Indian Bank and Indian Overseas Bank in Chennai, and four private-sector banks City Union Bank in Kumbakonam, Karur Vysya Bank, Lakshmi Vilas Bank in Karur, and Tamilnad Mercantile Bank Limited in Tuticorin. The location was selected because of its nearness to the equator like the Sriharikota spaceport in the Satish Dhawan Space Centre.[185]. [125] The term Kollywood is a blend of Kodambakkam and Hollywood. [43] Thevar's prominent exploits were his confrontations with Marudhanayagam, who later rebelled against the British in the late 1750s and early 1760s. [12] In Attirampakkam, archaeologists from the Sharma Centre for Heritage Education excavated ancient stone tools which suggest that a humanlike population existed in the Tamil Nadu region somewhere around 1,000 years before homo sapiens arrived from Africa. The climate of the state ranges from dry sub-humid to semi-arid. Archaeological evidence points to this area being one of the longest continuous habitations in the Indian peninsula. The state has two distinct periods of rainfall: The annual rainfall of the state is about 945 mm (37.2 in) of which 48 per cent is through the northeast monsoon, and 32 per cent through the southwest monsoon. Airtel Broadband,[190] Act Broadband[191] BSNL, Hathway[192] and few others are providing high speed Fiber Optic broadband connection in many cities & rural areas across Tamil Nadu. Single screen theatres may charge a maximum of ₹50, while theatres with more than three screens may charge a maximum of ₹120 per ticket. [166] Major global automobile companies including BMW, Ford, Robert Bosch, Renault-Nissan, Caterpillar, Hyundai, Mitsubishi Motors, and Michelin as well as Indian automobile majors like Mahindra & Mahindra, Ashok Leyland, Eicher Motors, Isuzu Motors, TI cycles, Hindustan Motors, TVS Motors, Irizar-TVS, Royal Enfield, MRF, Apollo Tyres, TAFE Tractors, Daimler AG Company invested ₹4 billion for establishing a new plant in Tamil Nadu. [126] Tamil cinema is one of the largest industries of film production in India. His work highlighted Tamil folk lyricism and introduced broader Western musical sensibilities to the south Indian musical mainstream. Ramachandran Central Railway Station, Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation, List of countries where Tamil is an official language, List of dams and reservoirs in Tamil Nadu, "Tamil Nadu: K. Shanmugam appointed as new Tamil Nadu Chief Secretary", Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, "52nd report of the Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities in India (July 2014 to June 2015)", Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly history 2012, "The Living culture of the Tamils; The UNESCO Courier: a window open on the world", "AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION INTO LOCAL PUBLIC OPINION ON SPECIAL ECONOMIC ZONES IN SELECTED DISTRICTS IN TAMIL NADU", "Science News : Archaeology – Anthropology : Sharp stones found in India signal surprisingly early toolmaking advances", "The Washington Post : Very old, very sophisticated tools found in India. According to estimates, about 50 per cent of the human resources required for the IT and ITES industry was being sourced from the state. [107] The earliest epigraphic records found on rock edicts and hero stones date from around the 3rd century BCE.[108][109]. Business listings of Potash Feldspar manufacturers, suppliers and exporters in Chennai, Tamil Nadu along with their contact details & address. Muhammad Ali Khan Wallajah surrendered much of his territory to the East India Company which firmly established the British in the northern parts. When it comes to yarn production, the State contributes 40 per cent of the total production in the country. Metallic minerals Non – Metallic Minerals Mineral fuels . The complex is c.13 x 9 km in extent and is intruded into Precambrian hornblende gneisses. Tamil Nadu is known for its rich tradition of literature, art, music and dance which continue to flourish today. They reconstructed some of the well-known temples in Tamil Nadu such as the Meenakshi Temple. The state is home to a number of historic buildings, multi-religious pilgrimage sites, hill stations and three World Heritage sites.[8][9][10]. Meanwhile, to the south, the fall of the Thanjavur Nayaks led to a short-lived Thanjavur Maratha kingdom. At its peak, the empire spanned almost 3,600,000 km2 (1,400,000 sq mi). The MRF Pace Foundation in Chennai is a popular fast bowling academy for pace bowlers all over the world. Tamil Nadu is served by an extensive road network, providing links between urban centres, agricultural market-places and rural areas. Tamil Nadu Minerals Limited is a state-government undertaking of Government of Tamil Nadu located in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The per capita income at the current price is ₹72,993. 16,564 Revenue villages (Village Panchayat) are the primary grassroots level administrative units which in turn might include many villages and administered by a Village Administrative Officer (VAO), many of which form a Revenue Block. The state shares a maritime border with the nation of Sri Lanka. 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